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 Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648

 A longtime program focused on feeding the homeless at Mary Star of the Sea Church in La Jolla has been cancelled because of concerns about Hepatitis A. The founder of "So Others May Eat", Tresha Souza, tells 10 News the pastor of the church informed her at the end of October that she would no longer be able to serve people at their facility, citing concerns about the recent Hep A outbreak. The Catholic Diocese issued the following statement: “We’re sorry for any misunderstandings that have arisen regarding the ‘So Others May Eat’ dinners that used to take place at Mary Star of the Sea.  A major renovation forced us to close our parish hall for the past several months and we have had to redirect where and how we do our part to serve the less fortunate in our parish.   We have not and will never turn our backs on the poor.  As a parish, we will respond to the needs of our community; we will overcome the challenges posed by the Hepatitis outbreak and we will continue to provide assistance to the homeless people and families who need our help and our prayers.”  1122

(CNN) -- A few days are still left in summer, but folks in the Sierra Nevada Mountains got an early taste of winter weather.A cold front swept through the range in California and Nevada on Monday, leaving snow in higher elevations.The California Department of Transportation urged drivers to be careful and shared pictures showing foggy and slick conditions.The snow didn't last long, but that didn't stop some people from getting excited. 447

You likely aren't planning to visit Chernobyl any time soon, but that doesn't have to mean you can't get a taste of it. A team of scientists from the UK and Ukraine have created a vodka distilled from rye grown in the exclusion zone near the site of Chernobyl's nuclear power plant. It's also made from water pulled from the area's aquifer. So, would you be insane to drink what they are calling 'Atomik' vodka? The makers say no, and that it’s perfectly safe to drink. The scientists, however, admit the grain starts out radioactive but claim the distillation process removes the dangerous isotopes. They even say they had a university lab run tests to ensure the vodka was safe to drink.They are hoping to release the vodka to the public in limited supply, where it will have to compete with liquors that were never radioactive. The Chernobyl Spirit Company says it will donate 75 percent of its profits to people who still live in the area. 956

 A Girl Scout leader in Beaverton, Oregon was at the right place at the right time.Diane Bauer said she was at a Fred Meyer store on Wednesday when her teenage daughter Charlotte noticed a mother in distress at few aisles over.Bauer said her daughter was pointing to a baby a mother was holding – and realized the 5-week-old infant was not breathing.That's when the CPR-certified Girl Scout leader dropped everything and ran over to help.Bauer said she took the baby, told the cashier to call 911, and gave the newborn CPR.“The only room that was available was the little check writing stand,” said Bauer. “Those breaths started to go in and I continued until he came to, and in the meantime the mom was calling 911.”Soon, Bauer said she felt the baby's little heartbeat. After a few more breaths, the baby was alert and breathing on his own again.“Had the mom hold his hand, stroked his face and he kind of turned and nuzzled towards her like he was hungry,” said Bauer.Bauer said she and her daughter stayed until paramedics arrived.She credits her daughter for recognizing that the baby had stopped breathing.Bauer said she had just finished the CPR recertification at her job last month. 1204