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LOS ANGELES, May 11 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in meats sold at U.S. supermarkets, according to a study published on Wednesday.This is "community-acquired MRSA" that is transmitted by humans carrying the bacteria, researchers at Wayne State University in Detroit reported in the study appearing in the May 11 online edition of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ( CDC's) journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.For the study, the researchers purchased 289 raw meat samples, including 156 beef, 76 chicken and 57 turkey samples, from 30 grocery stores in Detroit from August 2009 through January 2010.The researchers found that 22.5 percent of the samples were contaminated with S. aureus and six samples tested positive for MRSA.Of the six samples contaminated with MRSA, two were beef, three were chicken and one was turkey, the researchers said.The extent of MRSA contamination in meat varies by the type of meat and where the meat was processed, said lead researcher Yifan Zhang, an assistant professor in the department of nutrition and food science at the university.The germ is apparently being introduced by humans handling the meat, she said.According to another recent study, the strain of MRSA in meat in the United States is not the strain found in animals, Zhang noted."MRSA has always been found in human patients, but we found this in retail meat, so retail meat can be a reservoir of these bugs," said Zhang."When people handle food, they can get the bugs from the meat if the meat is already contaminated," she explained.The risk of becoming infected is especially high if you have open cuts or sores on your hands or skin, Zhang added.MRSA is common in hospitals and nursing homes, where it can cause serious illness and even death.But recently "community-acquired MRSA" has become a problem among some high school and college athletes who share equipment.This type of MRSA appears as a skin infection and is usually less serious, according to CDC.MRSA is killed when the meat is cooked thoroughly, experts say.Other precaution measures include:-- Wear gloves when handling meat, especially when there are wounds on the hands;-- Washing plates or utensils used to prepare food before using them again to eat; and-- Disinfect counters that have come into contact with meats.

WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Johns Hopkins University researchers have demonstrated that human liver cells derived from adult cells coaxed into an embryonic state can engraft and begin regenerating liver tissue in mice with chronic liver damage.The work, published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggests that liver cells derived from so- called "induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" could one day be used as an alternative to liver transplant in patients with serious liver diseases, bypassing long waiting lists for organs and concerns about immune system rejection of donated tissue."Our findings provide a foundation for producing functional liver cells for patients who suffer liver diseases and are in need of transplantation," says Yoon-Young Jang, assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. "iPSC-derived liver cells not only can be generated in large amounts, but also can be tailored to each patient, preventing immune-rejection problems associated with liver transplants from unmatched donors or embryonic stem cells." A microsopic view shows human embryonic stem cells in various stages of differentiation into liver cells in this photo taken at Stanford University and released by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009iPSCs are made from adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to revert to an embryonic stem cell-like state, with the ability to transform into different cell types. Human iPSCs can be generated from various tissues, including skin, blood and liver cells.Although the liver can regenerate in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by diseases like cirrhosis and cancers eventually destroy the liver's regenerative ability, Jang says. Currently, the only option for those patients is to receive a liver organ or liver cell transplant, a supply problem given the severe shortage of donor liver tissue for transplantation. In addition, mature liver cells and adult liver stem cells are difficult to isolate or grow in the laboratory, she says. By contrast, iPSCs can be made from a tiny amount of many kinds of tissue; and the embryonic stem- like iPSCs can grow in laboratory cultures indefinitely.For the study, Jang and colleagues generated human iPSCs from a variety of adult human cells, including liver cells, fibroblasts ( connective tissue cells), bone marrow stem cells and skin cells. They found that though the iPSCs overall were molecularly similar to each other and to embryonic stem cells, they retained a distinct molecular "signature" inherited from the cell of origin.

JERUSALEM, March 31 (Xinhua) -- Two researchers at the Hebrew University (HU) of Jerusalem have been honored with a prestigious award for their study of the connection between several inflammatory diseases, cancer and bacteria.Medical faculty members, Dr. Eli Pilarsky and Prof. Sigal Ben- Yehuda, won this year's Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund prize that recognizes significant achievement in the field of medicine.The prize committee noted the impressive contributions of Pilarsky and Ben-Yehuda in understanding complex diseases like cancer and antibiotic-resistant infections, and, in a first, decided to award the two scientists this year.Pilarsky told Xinhua that his research deals with the connection between chronic inflammatory diseases like hepatitis, and the development of cancer cells."The relevance of this discovery is that we were able to establish the link between the molecules secreted with such inflammations and the proliferation of cancer cells," Pilarsky explained, noting that "we discovered that the inflammation favors the cancer cells' growth, and now we are trying to find a way to manipulate these molecules to stop the cancer cells from appearing. ""The importance of these findings lies in the fact that 20 percent of the world's cancer cases are attributed to inflammation processes," Pilarsky pointed out.

WASHINGTON, May 1 (Xinhua) -- The launch of U.S. space shuttle Endeavour on its final voyage will be no earlier than May 8, after technical problems uncovered last week proved more complex than originally thought, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Sunday.NASA tried to launch Endeavour on Friday on its 25th and final flight to deliver the 2-billion-dollar Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) particle detector to the International Space Station. AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.The space shuttle Endeavour sits on launch pad 39A as work continues on the shuttle's auxilliary power unit at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida May 1, 2011.However, the launch was called off after engineers detected a failure in one of two heater circuits associated with Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 1. Heaters are required to keep the APUs' hydrazine from freezing on orbit.NASA hoped Endeavour would lift off on Monday. But further trouble-shooting indicated the glitch was more complicated than officials hoped initially.The failure appears to be a power problem within the aft load control assembly-2, a box of switches controlling power feeds."That basically means the power is not getting out to the heaters that weren't working on launch day," said Space Shuttle Program Launch Integration Manager Mike Moses.

TIANJIN, April 16 (Xinhua) -- As China tries to establish a universal medicare umbrella, its first move to offer treatment to all the hemophilia patients in the country is to know their population and where they are.China's national hemophilia information management center registered 7,980 cases nationwide since its establishment last year in a bid to provide reference for making national treatment policies and medicine production quota, said the center officials Saturday.Yang Renchi with the center and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said that the patient information database will help the government make hemophilia-related medical and social welfare policies, optimize resources and guide the manufacturing of drugs such as coagulation factor VIII.The information center, created by the Ministry of Health, is located in the Blood Diseases Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in the port city Tianjin in north China.Hemophilia is a rare genetic bleeding disorder that prevents the blood from clotting properly, resulting in easy bruising and prolonged bleeding from trauma. Lack of treatment can lead to permanent disabilities or even death.China is estimated to have roughly 100,000 hemophilia patients."Be inspired; get involved in Treatment for All" is the theme for the 22nd World Hemophilia Day, which falls on Sunday, April 17."A necessary precondition for 'Treatment for All' is to know the clinical information and location of each case," said Yang, "and this is exactly what the information system does."In addition, China plans to establish hospital-based provincial hemophilia management centers within five years across the country to register and monitor patients and standardize disease diagnosis and treatment under the information system.SHORTAGE OF DRUGSBlood-derived coagulation factor VIII and recombinant coagulation factor VIII are two effective drugs which are vital for hemophiliacs. However, the drugs are expensive and produced in limited quantities, a difficulty which hundreds of thousands of hemophiliacs in China have to confront.According to Yang, the minimum dose of coagulation factor VIII for prevention of bleeding episodes is two international units (IU) per kg of weight a day. A 50-kg hemophilia patient needs at least 36,500 IU of factor VIII every year to prevent bleeding."Each IU of blood-derived coagulation factor VIII costs about 3 yuan(0.46 U.S. dollars) and the annual cost is almost 120,000 yuan. The recombinant one is almost twice the price," said Yang.Only four drug firms are qualified to manufacture blood-derived coagulation factor VIII in China. The national output in 2010 was 400,000 vials (200 IU per vial) which means 80 million IU for the entire country.Wu Runhui, a hematology specialist with the Beijing Children's Hospital, said that the minimum dose is only for the prevention of bleeding episodes which are required to keep the patient alive. For the hemophiliac to live a regular lifestyle, 3,000 IU per kilo a year is needed, which would cost half a million yuan a year."Even in the most developed countries, a hemophiliac cannot survive without supportive medical policies and social welfare system," said Wu.