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Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

MODESTO, Calif. (AP) — California police say a homeless woman sleeping in a cardboard box was struck and killed by heavy machinery operated by a road crew clearing a homeless camp.The Modesto Bee reported Wednesday that 33-year-old Shannon Marie Bigley was killed Aug. 1 in a grassy field alongside a highway where a homeless camp was built.Modesto police say the incident occurred while a California Department of Transportation crew was attempting to clear the encampment about 90 miles east of San Francisco. Details on the machinery was not disclosed.State officials four months ago rejected a union grievance filed by workers who object to clearing homeless encampments. The union argued unsuccessfully that workers lack safety equipment and training.A Caltrans comment expressed sympathy for the victim's family. 841

NATIONAL CITY, Calif. (KGTV) — A police pursuit ended in a violent crash Wednesday, after a suspect hit two cars and injured a woman.National City Police said a car was stolen in Chula Vista overnight after the owner left it running. That car was found hours later by a National City school resource officer who detected it nearby on his lowjack system.The resource officer reported the stolen vehicle to police, leading to a brief pursuit with the suspect.The suspect made a sharp turn at Highland Ave. and 6th St., crashing into one car and sending that car into a second vehicle.A woman in the first vehicle that was hit was injured. She was taken to Sharp Chula Vista with unknown injuries.The crash ended right in front of a sign spinner working at the corner."All of a sudden I see they're chasing the car down this corner. He came this way, impacted that truck over there," the witness told 10News. "I was in shock the whole time. My jaw was dropped. I was scared, like, 'oh man I could've died."Police said the suspect was apprehended at the scene. Police added they found possible narcotics in the vehicle and believe the suspect may have threw something out of the vehicle during the chase. 1208

MILWAUKEE, Wis. -- With two weeks left until Election Day, Sen. Kamala Harris held a virtual rally in Milwaukee on Tuesday.The "Get Out the Early Vote" rally marked the first day of in-person voting in the swing state of Wisconsin, as well as Harris' birthday, according to the Biden-Harris campaign.Sen. Tammy Baldwin, Rep. Gwen Moore, Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett, Milwaukee County Executive David Crowley and other Milwaukee leaders also attended the virtual event.Watch the rally below:Click here to learn more about the event.Ivanka Trump also visited Milwaukee for an in-person campaign event on Tuesday.This story was originally published by Jackson Danbeck at WTMJ. 680

Nearly 2 million Americans have received the coronavirus vaccine.According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's COVID data tracker, as of 9 a.m. Saturday, 9.5 million doses of vaccines have been distributed, and 1.9 million have been administered.The CDC says both totals include Moderna and Pfizer vaccines.CDC officials say the number of people who have received their first vaccine dose is likely higher, although the number of amounts distributed is higher than the number of those who've received a vaccine.The CDC says the lag in data being reported is because of several factors: health agencies having to transmit data to CDC, healthcare providers having to report to health agencies up to 72 hours after administering the vaccines, and the launch of the federal Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program is still pending.The CDC COVID data tracker also stated that as of 2 p.m. Sunday, 179,104 new coronavirus cases had been reported, bringing the new overall total to 18,909,910. Data also showed that 1,309 recent deaths were reported, bringing the total of those who've died to 330,901. 1132