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BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.

ISLAMABAD, April 18 (Xinhua) -- A 100-member-strong youth delegation of Pakistan is to leave for China on Sunday on a week-long visit as a program of boosting exchanges between the two friendly countries.     "The youths from all walks of life of Pakistan will have the chance to look at China and know more about China," said Charge d'Affairs Yao Jing of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan told youth delegation at a reception.     Chinese President Hu Jintao invited 500 young people from Pakistan to visit China within five years when he paid a state visit to Pakistan in November, 2006. The program was launched in 2007.     The program is aimed at "increasing mutual understanding" between the two countries and peoples, said Yao.     Ullah Saif Shervani, secretary of Pakistani Ministry of Youth Affairs, expressed the hope that the delegation members could take the opportunity to learn from "friendly China" and help enhance "time-tested friendship" between the two countries.     "I appreciate the Chinese government for the chance to visit," said Adil Taj, an university student in Islamabad. "We will work hard to make our own contribution to Pakistan-China friendship."     The youth delegation is scheduled to visit Beijing, Urumqi and Lanzhou from April 19 to 27.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday hit back at a United States report on its human rights with its own report on the U.S. human rights record.     "The U.S. practice of throwing stones at others while living in a glass house is a testimony to the double standards and hypocrisy of the United States in dealing with human rights issues and has undermined its international image," the Information Office of the State Council said in its report on the U.S. human rights record.     The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2008 was in retaliation to the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008 issued by the U.S. Department of State on Feb. 25.     For years, the United States had positioned itself over other countries and released the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices annually to criticize human rights conditions in other countries, using it as a tool to interfere with and demonize other nations, the report said. The U.S. has turned a blind eye to its own violations of human rights.     "As in previous years, the reports are full of accusations of the human rights situation in more than 190 countries and regions, including China, but mention nothing of the widespread human rights abuses on its own territory," China said in its report.     "The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2008 is prepared to help people around the world understand the real situation of human rights in the United States, and as a reminder for the United States to reflect upon its own issues," China said.     The report reviewed the U.S. human rights record from six perspectives: life and personal security; civil and political rights; economic, social and cultural rights; racial discrimination; rights of women and children; and the United States' violation of human rights in other countries.     The report warned the United States that widespread violent crime posed serious threats to its people's lives and security.     According to a report published in September 2008 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the country reported 1.4 million violent crimes, including 17,000 murders and 9.8 million property crimes in 2007.     More frequent gun killings were a serious threat to the lives of U.S. citizens, the report said.     It quoted the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention assaying that 1.35 million high school students in 2007 were either threatened or injured with a weapon at least once on school property.     The report said an increasing number of restrictions had been imposed on civil rights in the United States.     It cited government surveillance of online activities, new legislation on government wiretapping last July, more cases of police abuse of force and neglect of basic rights of 2.3 million prisoners in the United States.     The United States was facing a number of social problems, including a wide wealth gap, increasing number of homeless, needy people and those suffering hunger, the report said.     It quoted the U.S. Census Bureau as saying in August 2008 that 12.5 percent of Americans, or 37.3 million people, were living in poverty in 2007, up from 36.5 million in 2006.     The unemployment rate increased from 4.6 percent in 2007 to 5.8percent in 2008, the report said.     People in the United States saw their pension plans shrink, health insurance cut and school tuition increase, while drugs, suicide and other social problems prevailed, according to the report.     The report said racial discrimination prevails in "every aspect of social life" in the United States, ranging from income, employment, education, to judicial system, often with African Americans as major victims.     "Nearly one quarter of black American households live below the poverty line, three times that of white households," it said, citing The State of Black America, issued by the National Urban League in March 2008.     The jobless rate for blacks was 10.6 percent in the third quarter of 2008, twice that of the whites, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.     The report said the African American high school graduation and college entry rates still lingered at the level of whites "two or three decades ago", and African American students in public schools were "more likely to get physical punishment than White children."     "African American youths arrested for murder are at least three times more likely than their white peers to receive life imprisonment without the possibility of parole," the report said, quoting a 2008 report of the New York-based Human Rights Watch.     It also mentioned the infringement of basic rights of indigenous Americans, inhumane treatment received by immigrants, and serious racial hostility and rising hate crime in the United States.     On "worrisome" conditions of women and children, the report said gender-based discrimination in employment, and domestic violence and sexual violence toward women were quite serious.     Also, an increasing number of children were living in poverty and danger of being physically or mentally harmed due to abuse and violence.     "The United States is one of the few countries in the world where minors receive the same criminal punishments as adults," the report said. "It is the only country in the world that sentences children to life in prison without possibility of parole or release."     "The United States has a string of records of trampling on the sovereignty of and violating human rights in other countries," the report said.     It listed the Iraq war, prisoner abuse at Guantanamo, the five-decade embargo against Cuba and arm sales.     The war in Iraq had claimed more than 1 million civilian lives and caused the same number of homeless people, it said.     The United States maintained the embargo against Cuba, though the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution urging itto end the embargo in last October.     U.S. arm sales reached 32 billion U.S. dollars in 2007 and weapons were sold to more than 174 nations and regions.     The United States was inactive on its international human rights obligations and offered outbound humanitarian aid that was dwarfed by its status as the richest country in the world, the report said.     China in the report advised the U.S. government to "face its own human rights problems with courage, and to stop applying double standards to human rights issues".     This is the 10th consecutive year that the Information Office of China's State Council has issued a report on the human rights record of the United States to answer the U.S. State Department's annual report.     "Respect for and protection of human rights is an important indication of civilization and progress of human society," the report said. "Every government shoulders a common responsibility in committing itself to the improvement of human rights conditions.

BAMAKO, Feb. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao Thursday vowed to increase aid to African countries, cancel part of their debts, and expand trade with and investment in these countries.     Hu made the statement while meeting with his Malian counterpart Amadou Toumany Toure.     Hu, making his first visit to this western African nation, was accorded a 21-gun salute in a welcome ceremony before the two presidents started talks.     This is Hu's second African tour since the landmark China-Africa summit in 2006 when Hu announced eight measures to promote ties with Africa, including massive tariff cuts and debt exemptions for scores of African countries, and doubling aid to Africa over a three-year period.     In the past two years, China has increased aid to African countries, eliminated tariff for goods from some least developed African nations, and cancelled parts of the debts owed by African countries, Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister Zhai Jun said days ahead of Hu's visit. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Malian President Amadou Toumany Toure in Bamako, Mali, on Feb. 12, 2009    Trade between China and African countries increased to 106.8 billion U.S. dollars last year from just under 40 billion dollars in 2005, according to the Chinese Commerce Ministry.     Hu said that as the world financial crisis has posed severe challenges, it is of greater significance to step up China-Africa solidarity and cooperation.     "China is paying much attention to African countries' difficulties and concerns as the global financial crisis has begun to take a toll on Africa," Hu said.     "We would like to increase communication and exchanges with Mali and other African countries so that together we will tide over the crisis," Hu said.     On China-Mali ties, Hu said the two countries will usher in a new era of development as next year marks the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic ties.     Hu hailed the past 49 years of friendship as a "paradigm of south-south cooperation" and described the two nations as "good friends, partners and brothers."     To boost bilateral relations, Hu proposed that both nations keep high-level visits and increase exchanges between their governments, parliaments, militaries and non-governmental organizations.     On economic ties, Hu proposed that both sides step up coordination and carry out government-to-government cooperative programs.     Furthermore, the Chinese government would like to encourage and support Chinese businesses with strong capacities to invest in Mali, he said.     Hu called for the two countries to work more closely in telecommunications, agriculture, and infrastructure construction among others.     He also suggested setting up a bilateral trade and technology steering committee so as to plan and coordinate cooperative programs.     China welcomes Mali to showcase its civilization and arts in the 2010 Shanghai Expo, Hu said.     Hu also pledged to continue to offer help in personnel training and provide Mali with medicines and equipment to fight malaria.     On international affairs, Hu said China will urge the international community to pay greater attention to Africa's development and help the continent attain the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.     On his part, President Toure said his people cherished their friendship with China, which is sincere, consistent and durable.     Toure also appreciated China's long-term assistance for his country, which he said played an important role in promoting Mali's economic and social development and improving people's livelihood.     Looking to the future, Toure said his country will strengthen solidarity and friendly cooperation with China.     He said that Mali will, as always, adhere to the one-China policy.     Following their talks, the two leaders signed cooperative deals and gave a briefing to the media.     During his two-day stay in Bamako, Hu will meet with President of the Malian National Assembly Dioncounda Traore.     Hu is also scheduled to attend the inauguration of a China bridge construction aid project in Bamako and the opening ceremony of a China-aided anti-malaria center, and meet Chinese medical workers in Mali.     From Mali, Hu will travel to the three African countries of Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius.

TIANJIN, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao went on a morale boosting tour in the northern port municipality of Tianjin, an industrial hub near Beijing, Sunday and Monday.     Wen talked with textile workers, steel makers, tire manufacturers and students during the tour to see how the city is weathering the global financial crisis. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L Front) talks with workers as he visits an iron and steel factory in Tianjin, north China, Feb. 15, 2009. Premier Wen made an inspection tour in Tianjin on Feb. 15-16At the Tianjin Tianfang Investment Holding Co., a textile firm, company chairman Liu Baogen told Wen January sales increased 0.3 percent year on year and orders have been secured till March.     Wen said the textile industry is a pillar of China's economy. He offered three suggestions to the sector: Adjust the product structure according to domestic and overseas demand; increase corporate competitiveness by lifting product quality and reducing costs; explore sales in both the domestic and overseas markets. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) shakes hands with a student as he visits Nankai University in Tianjin, north China, Feb. 15, 2009. Premier Wen made an inspection tour in Tianjin on Feb. 15-16.The Premier also visited a watch maker, an auto molding company, the construction site of an ethylene and refinery project and an animation technology firm.     Wen told employees to explore the market and look for new opportunities against the ongoing global financial crisis.     He also went to see students at Nankai University, the most reputed college in Tianjin. He reassured them government agencies would do their best to find them jobs.

来源：资阳报