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The 2016 election was psychologically traumatic for some, according to a new study published in the Journal of American College Health. It found that 1 out of 4 students surveyed experienced clinically significant event-related distress short term.Researchers from San Francisco State University, University of California, San Francisco and Arizona State University assessed a diverse group of nearly 800 undergraduates at Arizona State two to three months after the election.A key battleground, Arizona got a lot of political attention. Ultimately, Trump won Arizona by a narrow margin, earning 48.7% of the vote.The survey students filled out asked questions to determine the emotional effect of the event the election. It asked about the impact the election had on close relationships and assessed clinical symptoms of distress and subclinical impacts, meaning emotions that don't present definitive, more readily observable symptoms.Symptoms included "avoidance," a clinical term used to describe how someone deliberately stays away from whatever is causing them trauma, and "intrusion," a clinical term meaning the inability to keep memories of the source of their trauma from returning. The researchers also looked to see if demographics made a difference.Most of those surveyed, 65%, said the election had no impact on their close relationships. About 24% reported a slight or very negative impact and a little more than 10% reported a positive impact.If the election did have a negative emotional impact, avoidance was more common than intrusion among these students. One-fourth of participants showed clinically significant avoidance and intrusion symptoms in response to the election. Women, Democrats, people who did not identify as Christian and sexual minorities reported significantly more event-related distress, the study found.The students surveyed came from diverse backgrounds and held a mix of political opinions. Of the group, 18.5% reported that they were satisfied with the result of the election, 25% said they were somewhat satisfied, 19.2% said they were somewhat dissatisfied, and 37.2% said they were completely dissatisfied. Thirty-nine percent also reported that they were "considerably or extremely" upset by the election, 28.5% were not at all upset, the rest fell somewhere between.The study had limitations. The survey did not look at conditions long term. It couldn't rule out other stressors. It only looked at this one election and did not evaluate how students reacted in other years.Other studies looking at the 2016 election have found similar results. A study released in June that surveyed nearly 300 students two days before the 2016 election, on election night, and two days after, found that students who were concerned about Trump's ability to govern and those who were a part of the "non-dominant social group," including women and people of color, showed increased signs of stress before and during election night. Biological tests showed some signs of increased stress after the election, although there was a general recovery in mood, according to self-reported results.Lindsay Till Hoyt, who co-authored that study and is not connected with the current work, found this latest research interesting. She was not surprised that students felt increased stress."I think so much of the social media and news about the election really felt personal and aimed at specific groups like Mexican Americans and women," Hoyt, an?assistant professor of psychology at Fordham University,?said.For example, she cites Trump's justification for building a wall between Mexico and the US, saying in a debate "we have some bad hombres here and we're going to get them out." Or when a 2005 "Access Hollywood" tape was released in which Trump talked about how his celebrity status allowed him to behave aggressively with women, saying he could "grab them by the (expletive)" and that he would sometimes "just start kissing them.""Comments like those could hit very close to home, as opposed to arguments about abstract concepts like foreign policy and economic policy, students might not be as well versed in those topics," Hoyt said. "Because there was literal name-calling going on in the election cycle, even with students less politically engaged, that strong language and the harsher crassness of the rhetoric may have had a more broad effect on these students."In another study she and a graduate student are working on, they've noticed that both sides, conservatives and liberals, say they have felt discriminated against during the election, and preliminary results show it has caused them stress that interrupted their sleep."It's not just along ethnic and racial discrimination lines," Hoyt said "Conservatives also feel discrimination is affecting their sleep, it crosses both sides of the political aisle."Another 2018 study looking at how 700 teachers navigated the days after the election with K-12 students, and researchers found stories of such distress. One surveyed teacher remarked "for millions of people, this is real trauma."Beth Sondel,?who co-authored that study of teachers, finds this latest research on college students useful."Many of these young kids that the teachers were talking about in our study weren't privy to the policy being presented in the election, but the rhetoric was so strong it was impacting them," said Sondel, a research assistant professor in the department of instruction and learning at the University of Pittsburgh School of Education.Teachers reported they saw an immediate heightened fear of deportation among students. One teacher reported one of her seventh graders asked her if "Trump can come with a bus and get me?" Another teacher in Nebraska said a high school student who was expecting a baby asked if the teacher would take care of the baby if he was deported. Another teacher reported consoling a second-grade student who told her through tears that she was worried that when she'd get home from school her parents wouldn't be there."In general, I think our results are similar, in that we are finding that even these younger students are internalizing this rhetoric and it is causing stress and trauma," Sondel said. "I think the personal has become really political in this election."The authors hope this latest study will help mental health professionals better counsel college students have. Knowing that an election can cause distress, professionals should ask about it to better target treatment, they said. 6606

STOCKHOLM — Americans Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson have won the Nobel Prize in economics for “improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.” The Nobel Committee said their discoveries have benefitted sellers, buyers and taxpayers. Monday's award comes as much of the world experiences the worst recession since World War II because of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The award caps a week of Nobel Prizes and is technically known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Since its establishment in 1969, it has been awarded 51 times and is now widely considered one of the Nobel prizes. 672

The Borderline Bar & Grill was packed as patrons danced, watched a Lakers' game or played pool. It was country college night, and people swayed to the beat as music blared through speakers.Suddenly, a man wearing a black trench coat and glasses approached the bar entrance and shot the security guard.Inside the bar, some people thought it was fireworks or sound effects from the music, and kept dancing, witnesses said.Within seconds, witnesses said, the gunman burst into the bar with a Glock .45-caliber handgun and shot someone at the cash register. People dropped to the ground and hid under pool tables and bar stools. Some piled atop one another while others slammed bar stools against windows to break them.Those who got out ran, the sounds of rapid gunfire echoing around them in the dark."They ran out of back doors, they broke windows, they went through windows, they hid up in the attic, they hid in the bathroom," Ventura County Sheriff Geoff Dean said.By the time the gun went silent, 12 people were dead, including sheriff's Sgt. Ron Helus, who had rushed to the scene. Thousand Oaks, California, described as one of the nation's safest cities, was now on the long list of places affected by a mass shooting.  1241

Texas Democratic Senate candidate Beto O'Rourke said at a CNN town hall Thursday night that he would still vote to impeach President Donald Trump.The El Paso congressman challenging Sen. Ted Cruz said that his position on impeachment hadn't changed, even as Cruz has used the issue to galvanize conservative voters against O'Rourke's campaign.Asked by CNN's Dana Bash if he had changed his mind after saying he'd vote to impeach Trump this summer, O'Rourke said, "I haven't."He pointed to the ongoing probe into whether Trump's 2016 campaign colluded with Russia."There may be an open question as to whether the President, then the candidate, sought to collude with the Russian government in 2016," O'Rourke said. "But to quote George Will -- very conservative columnist -- when we saw him on that stage in Helsinki defending Vladimir Putin, the head of the country that attacked our democracy in 2016 instead of this country, and its citizens and this amazing democracy, that was collusion in action."He continued, "You may have wondered when he fired James Comey, the principle investigator into what happened in that election, whether that was an attempt to obstruct justice. But when, by broad daylight on Twitter, he asked his attorney general, Jeff Sessions, to end the Russia investigation, I would say that's obstruction in action."O'Rourke then said he likens impeachment to an indictment."There is enough there to proceed to a trial," he said.O'Rourke said he "would not prejudge the outcome of that trial.""All I am saying is, there's enough there," he said. "I know that this is not politically easy or convenient to talk about, but 242 years into this experiment ... nothing guarantees us a 243rd or a 244th."The answer will likely fuel further attacks from Cruz, who repeatedly cited O'Rourke's comments that he'd vote to impeach Trump in their most recent debate Tuesday night in Texas. Trump won Texas in 2016 and is headed to Houston to campaign for Cruz on Monday.At that debate, O'Rourke -- who is trailing in polls despite shattering fundraising records for a Senate campaign, with a million haul in 2018's third quarter -- mimicked Trump's 2016 presidential campaign attacks on Cruz as "Lyin' Ted."O'Rourke told CNN's Bash Thursday night he had some regrets about the comment."It's not something that I feel totally comfortable with, and perhaps in the heat of the moment I took a step too far," O'Rourke said.Asked if he regrets the comment, O'Rourke said: "I don't know that that's the way that I want to be talking in this campaign."CNN invited Cruz multiple times to appear tonight in his own town hall, but he declined. 2657

TAMPA, Fla. — Many parents are opting to keep their kids home to give distance learning a try amid the pandemic.With many districts pushing back the first day of school, you got time to get in line."Now that we have time to plan it’s a beautiful thing," Anne Flenner with Florida Virtual School said.She recommends parents making a dedicated space for your child. It can be a desk, the kitchen table, or an empty guest room.You also want to get them involved in making the space functional."Whether that’s adding some posters that inspire them or whether it’s just getting color-coded notebooks that they’re going to use," Flenner said. "That actually can bring some excitement for them for this new school year when it’s a really hard time for them."Once you got that figured out, it is time to set up what Flenner calls a “pace chart.” It’s basically the agenda your kid is familiar with, but for you too. Some parents put it on a big whiteboard or just a piece of paper attached to the fridge."Parents can really do that important part of organizing them so that they can really focus on their job which is to learn the content," Flenner said.She also suggests after getting access to the virtual learning platform, go in and click on everything. Then, organize different binders or folders for each course.If your kids are sharing devices with each other or you, make a folder on the desktop for their own work. Or buy each child their own flash drive."The biggest help that will get you in gear for virtual learning… is to throw out what you know about the traditional school day. We call it chunking their time together," Flenner said. "Most students will work three to four hours like on one course alone to get everything done before they move on."Flenner and the crew at Florida Virtual School have been doing this for more than 20 years. They are professionals and they understand we are far from that. And that is okay."I want to tell parents to take a deep breath and do the best you can," Flenner said.This story was originally reported by Jasmine Styles at WFTS. 2084

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