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As states across the country grapple with an increase in coronavirus cases and a huge demand for tests, many businesses are looking for other ways to get more mileage out of their supply chain.Like with anything else, supply and demand is a constant struggle. In this unprecedented era, the demand for things like coronavirus tests is so large that public health departments don't have a choice but to figure out ways to make our supplies last. Several states are examining pooled testing. California's Public Health Department says it's to "better leverage testing resources."Pooling is something that blood banks have used for decades to keep their blood supply safe. Dr. Claudia Cohn is the Chief Medical Officer of the AABB, formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks.“If you have 100 people that need to be tested and if you test each of them, you’ll do 100 tests. If you find that your test is sensitive enough that you can pool together 20 samples at the same time, instead of having 100 tests, you can have five pools of 20,” Dr. Cohn said.Now, if one of those five pools is positive, then Dr. Cohn says, "You’ll need to break it out and test each of those separately. So, let’s say you have one positive person in a pool of 100 people, you either do 100 tests and find one positive or you do five pools of 20, four of those pools will be negative, so you’ve done 4 pools and covered 80 people."The test works by taking a tiny sample from each person who was tested.“When you take a swab from everyone’s nose, you isolate the DNA from that swab,” Dr. Cohn said about the PCR test, which is generally a nose swab. “It’s not a lot, it’s a small amount but it’s enough. Because these tests are very, very sensitive.”Those tests are so sensitive, and they have to be, that pooling can really only work if the test can handle, as in detect, multiple samples at once. The FDA mandates that.“The FDA is quite demanding as they should be in terms of making sure tests work well and are safe,” Dr. Cohn said.And Dr. Cohn says, pooling wouldn't work in an area where there's a large outbreak, which means a large number of people would test positive regardless of pooling. In the blood world, this strategy has been perfected.“You are taking 100 samples and taking a drop from each sample and putting it together,” Dr. Cohn said. “You are testing every single person who comes through. In the blood world safety is before everything."Blood banks test for HIV, Hepatitis C and B and well as COVID-19 antibodies, according to the American Red Cross. And, as this pandemic moves through our communities, Dr. Cohn says our blood supply needs to remain strong.“After that initial spike, it went down again and that was okay because elective surgery had been canceled, so the demand for blood had gone down as well so for a while we were at a good balance of demand and supply. But then elective surgeries opened up and hospitals went back to full service and we’re in a shortage again,” Dr. Cohn said. 3017

At least 29 people were killed during a week of severe weather conditions and devastating flooding in Italy, the country's interior minister said Sunday.Twelve people were confirmed dead on the island of Sicily on Sunday, including nine members of two families, the fire brigade announced on Twitter.The families were dining together when their house was submerged by water from a nearby river that suddenly overflowed.The fire brigade said its divers had found the bodies. Among the victims were two children, 1 and 3 years old.Italy's civil protection agency said it was still looking for a doctor who had been on his way to work at a hospital Saturday night and was missing.High winds and heavy rain have devastated parts of the country over the past week, causing the worst flooding in at least a decade in Venice, damages of more than 1 billion euros (.14 billion) in Veneto and landslides that have cut off villages, authorities said.The situation in Sicily is "dramatic," Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said Sunday.Conte will call a cabinet meeting to announce a state of emergency in affected regions, he said at a press conference in Palermo, Sicily. 1168

As the investigation continues into why a female shooter opened fire at YouTube headquarters, data show that it's rare for women to carry out such shootings -- making Tuesday's incident unusual.The shooting unfolded at the San Bruno, California, company premises when a woman shot and injured three people, and then apparently took her own life, officials said.She appeared to have killed herself with a handgun, San Bruno Police Chief Ed Barberini said. The woman has been identified as Nasim Najafi Aghdam, a 39-year-old from San Diego, California. 558

As the debate over police defunding wages on in parts of the country, officials in Albuquerque, New Mexico have found a middle ground.Mayor Tim Keller recently introduced a plan to strip the police department of million each year to help create and fund a new department that would respond to certain 911 calls instead of police.He says the city is the first in the country to do this."It’s a public health approach to public safety,” said Keller.The new department would consist of service workers, public health personnel, and specialists who would respond to calls related to homelessness, mental illness, and drug overdoses."For modern history, every city has said we’ll either send police or fire,” said Keller. “It’s about restructuring, institutionally, how we respond.”"We’re not the experts. We go over there and a lot of times our officers don’t know what to do,” added Albuquerque Police Chief Michael Geier.Geirer says the introduction of the new department comes as a relief. His police department is already short-staffed with officers, so handing these calls off to specialized personnel would not only help his department but the public.“We’ll be able to handle the higher-priority calls, and then our response time, and our community engagement," he said. "There will be more trust in the community.”Greier says, to a degree, the Albuquerque Police Department has already started delegating certain calls to the fire department and it has spared officers from responding to nearly 15,000 calls in just the last few months--many of which could keep an officer on scene for hours.“We want to get past responding to the symptom of the root cause,” said Albuquerque Chief Administrative Officer Sarita Nair. “We want to get down to that root cause and start addressing issues there.”Mayor Keller says the move to create the new department was only made recently, so there will be substantial planning and public input before it actually goes into effect. 1979

AURORA, Colo. — The dog that was used by an Aurora, Colo. couple for sex acts was deemed not safe for adoption and was euthanized Tuesday.Jenee Shipman, manager at the Aurora Animal Shelter, wrote in a letter to the 18th Judicial District Attorney's Office that the dog, which was a male Akita mix named Bubba, was not a safe candidate for adoption or transfer based on its history and behavior in the kennel.“The dog has exhibited unpredictable behavior, and shows signs of aggression towards veterinary services staff, volunteers, community service workers and staff members that the dog is not especially familiar with (staff who clean, feed, provide enrichment and treats daily),” the letter reads.Michael Bryant, the senior public information officer with the city of Aurora, confirmed that the dog had been humanely euthanized Tuesday after the couple’s sentencing.Court documents say that the animal's abuse occurred between July 1, 2016 and March 27, 2017. In March, Janette Solano, 49, and Frederick Manzanares, 51, were charged with animal cruelty and accused of having sex with their dog in a backyard motorhome.Solano, the ex-girlfriend of Manzanares, pleaded guilty to cruelty and animal neglect on July 30, according to court documents. Per her plea agreement, her three subsequent charges to cruelty and neglect of animals were dismissed by the district attorney. Manzanares, 51, pleaded guilty to two counts of animal cruelty. According to court documents, he was sentenced on Tuesday to 180 days in jail and 24 months of probation. 1576

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