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Trump defeated Clinton in the 2016 presidential election by winning 306 electoral votes to Clinton's 232. However, Clinton beat Trump in the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes.Clinton ran up vote totals in liberal-leaning states like New York and California but narrowly lost Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin by a total of about 100,000 votes.Since 2000, Democrats have won the popular vote in five of six presidential elections. But in that span, the Democratic candidate has only won three times. The growing political divide in the electoral college has prompted some Democrats to call for an end to the electoral college and allow the president to be elected by popular vote.President is the only political office in the United States where the winner was not determined by popular vote. Up until 1913, U.S. senators were chosen by state legislatures, but that changed with the ratification of the 17th Amendment.In order to abolish the Electoral College, Democrats could pursue a Constitutional amendment similar to the 17th Amendment, though it would require the ratification of two-thirds of state legislatures — a tall task, considering that Republicans control most state governments.Some Democrats have also floated "packing" the Supreme Court with liberal justices and attempting to pass legislation that would abolish the Electoral College — a Constitutional but norm-shattering option, and a scenario that would still require appointed justice's approval.However, a number of states have already signed on to a third option — the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC). It's a coalition of states who have promised to award Electoral College delegates to the winner of the electoral colleges — only on the condition that enough states sign on to the agreement so that their electoral value reaches 270. It's a legal option, considering the Constitution says states are free to award their delegates as they see fit and wouldn't need approval from Congress or the Supreme Court.So far, 15 states and D.C. have agreed to the NPVIC. However, those states' Electoral votes only total 196, meaning they need several states to come aboard before it could be enacted. 2191

This year is the second in which the Monitoring the Future survey asked high schoolers about vaping specific substances: nicotine, marijuana or "just flavoring."Flavoring was the most commonly reported substance among eighth-graders at 15.1%, followed by nicotine at 10.9% and then marijuana at 4.4%.Tenth-graders reported identical rates for flavoring and nicotine, but 12.4% reported vaping marijuana. Among 12th-graders, 29.7% reported vaping nicotine, 25.7% flavoring and 13.1% marijuana."You're seeing right now that 30% of 12th-graders last year were exposed to nicotine," Volkow said."Another issue of concern is, these devices are very efficient at delivering drugs rapidly into your brain and, in so doing, deliver the drugs in ways that make them more addictive -- and so it's not just nicotine. Now we also know that they are using it for 9THC," or tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid chemical in marijuana, she said.Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a professor of pediatrics in Stanford University's Division of Adolescent Medicine, called this increase in vaping alarming but not surprising because of new products, such as those from popular e-cigarette maker Juul."However, since MTF doesn't appear to separate out vaping vs. Juuling in their survey, it is hard to know what the youth are using," Halpern-Felsher said of the new report."The overall decline or stabilization of other drug use is promising, although the increase in vaping marijuana is concerning," she said. "Clearly, youth drug prevention messages needs to go beyond conventional drugs and include all forms of nicotine and vaping."The overall increase in vaping in the survey appears to be consistent with data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showing a 78% increase in youth vaping between 2017 and 2018, said Dr. Pamela Ling, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, who works with the school's Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and was not involved with the new report.The Food and Drug Administration "has also recognized an 'epidemic' of youth vaping. The consistency of these data suggests this is a real problem," Ling said."While we see declines in cigarette smoking among youth, the increases in vaping may lead to overall rates of tobacco or nicotine use increasing. We also know from many longitudinal studies of youth that those who use e-cigarettes are about three times more likely to start smoking cigarettes," she said. "The increase in vaping goes against the trends for all other drugs and alcohol, which are declining. That's a problem."In historical context, "the absolute increases in the prevalence of nicotine vaping among 12th-graders and 10th-graders are the largest ever recorded by Monitoring the Future in the 44 years that it has continuously tracked dozens of substances," the authors of the report wrote in a letter to the editor Monday in the New England Journal of Medicine.Meanwhile, the traditional use of cigarettes remained at the lowest levels in the survey's history.Daily cigarette use was reported by 0.8% of eighth-graders, 1.8% of 10th-graders and 3.6% of 12th-graders in 2018, the survey showed. Lifetime cigarette use among 12th-graders went down from 26.6% in 2017 to 23.8% in 2018, and past-month use declined from 9.7% to 7.6%.In general, substances at historic low levels of use in 2018 were alcohol, cigarettes, heroin, prescription opioids, MDMA (ecstasy or Molly), methamphetamine, amphetamines, sedatives and ketamine, according to the report. 3539

This isn't the first time Democrats have argued to impeach Trump. Earlier this month, Rep. Pramila Jayapal, D-Washington, said the President has committed "significant constitutional impeachable violations," adding that Democrats needed to act. 244

Today has been devastating for the cleveland.com newsroom, where Nikki represented the highest ideals of what we do, the very best of who we are. She worked tirelessly to provide Greater Cleveland with insights on the best places to eat and drink and enjoy precious leisure hours. She told the stories of fascinating people our audience would not otherwise meet. More than anything, she was kind, in an age when we need kindness. She never failed to leave an impression. Our hearts ache tonight at the loss of our dear friend and colleague. 545

There is no substantial impediment, the state filing says. "Ammunition purchasers must pass an eligibility check that, in the vast majority of cases, delays a purchase by a few minutes."There was a spike in calls to the state's customer support center in the first week, but those then dropped significantly, according to the filing. There were also "some technical issues," including delays in processing checks on buyers who had several first names, but the state's filing said that problem has since been corrected. 518

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