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New research suggests that antibodies the immune system makes to fight the new coronavirus may only last a few months in people with mild illness, but that doesn’t mean protection also is gone or that it won’t be possible to develop an effective vaccine.“Infection with this coronavirus does not necessarily generate lifetime immunity,” but antibodies are only part of the story, said Dr. Buddy Creech, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. He had no role in the work, published Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.The immune system remembers how to make fresh antibodies if needed and other parts of it also can mount an attack, he said.Antibodies are proteins that white blood cells called B cells make to bind to the virus and help eliminate it. The earliest ones are fairly crude but as infection goes on, the immune system becomes trained to focus its attack and to make more precise antibodies.Dr. Otto Yang and others at the University of California, Los Angeles, measured these more precise antibodies in 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and four housemates presumed to have the disease. Their average age was 43 and most had mild symptoms.Researchers found that the antibodies had a half-life of 73 days, which means that half of them would be gone after that much time. It dovetails with a previous report from China also suggesting antibodies quickly fade.The results “call for caution regarding antibody-based ‘immunity passports,’ herd immunity, and perhaps vaccine durability,” the California authors write.That’s true, Creech said, but other parts of the immune system also help confer protection. Besides churning out antibodies, B cells develop a memory so they know how to do that again if needed.“They would get called into action very quickly when there’s a new exposure to the virus. It’s as if they lie dormant, just waiting,” he said.Other white blood cells called T cells also are better able to attack the virus the next time they see it, Creech said.Although circulating antibodies may not last long, what we need to know is if and how people remake antibodies if exposed to the coronavirus again and if they protect against another infection, Alison Criss, an immunologist at the University of Virginia, wrote in an email. “We also need to know if there is a protective T cell response” that reappears.Vaccines, which provoke the immune system to make antibodies, might give longer-lasting protection than natural infection because they use purified versions of what stimulates that response, she noted.Creech agreed.“This shouldn’t dissuade us from pursuing a vaccine,” he said. “Antibodies are only a part of the story.”___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 2967

NEW YORK CITY — New York City Deputy Sheriffs shut down an event with more than 200 people at a Queens banquet hall early Saturday.Authorities were called to an event at the Queens Luxe Banquet Hall at Rockaway Boulevard in Ozone Park around 1:30 a.m. on Saturday morning.There were about 215 people inside the venue in violation of the state's and city's COVID-19 emergency orders.The hall was also operating without a liquor license, according to authorities.The owner and an employee of the venue were issued summonses for violation of emergency orders, unlicensed sale of alcohol and unlicensed warehousing of alcohol. Two other staffers were issued summonses for violation of emergency orders.New York City currently allows indoor entertainment locations to operate at a 25% capacity if they do not fall under one of the city's restriction zones. All visitors must wear masks.This story was originally published by Kristine Garcia on WPIX in New York. The Associated Press contributed to this report. 1013

New York State has issued guidance on professional sports competitions as part of Phase Four of the New York Forward program.The state says professional sports can resume in the state, but with no fans."Ensure that no live audience, fans, or spectators are allowed to attend or permitted to enter any professional sports venue, even if an outdoor venue. Prohibit fans from congregating outside the venue and implement a security plan to safely disperse any individuals that gather outside of the venue," the guidance states.Several guidelines will also be in place for team staff, athletes and venue personnel such as:Maintaining six feet of distance whenever possible.Wearing appropriate face coverings whenever possible.Limiting the use of frequently shared spaces.Limiting the number of individuals on site at a given time.Ensuring all team staff, athletes, and venue personnel receive training on COVID-19 safety, proper hand hygiene, and cleaning and disinfection protocols.Limiting the sharing of objects.Providing and maintaining hand hygiene stations.Conducting regular cleaning and disinfecting of the venue and equipment.No sharing of food or personal items.Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 for all athletes and essential team staff with regular player access 48 hours before a competition.Daily health screenings for anyone entering the venue.The state says this guidance does not apply to collegiate sports, horse racing or auto racing.This article was written by Anthony Reyes for WKBW. 1506

New research released today from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety says that vehicular crashes have increased in states where recreational marijuana is legal.The nonprofit organization took crash data from four states where recreational pot is legal: Nevada, Oregon, Washington and Colorado.The findings revealed crashes were up as much as 6 percent, when compared with adjacent states that don't have legalized marijuana.Now, the research doesn't prove marijuana is directly responsible for the increase, but it does show a correlation.  The organization’s president says we should all take these numbers as an early warning sign.“The real key is not so much the magnitude of the number as it is the direction we're seeing,” says David Harkey, president at Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. “And that we think this is a really good early indicator of the potential issues associated with this policy change of recreational use of marijuana.”There are still a lot of unknowns regarding marijuana in terms of how it affects the human body. For example, when someone is drunk, you can measure their blood alcohol content with a breathalyzer. However, there is no equivalent real-time test for measuring THC, the psychoactive component in marijuana. 1279

NEWPORT, Wales — A 5-year-old girl in Newport, Wales, died just hours after a doctor refused to see her because she was late to her appointment, according to the BBC.The girl's mother, Shanice Clark, has been searching for answers since her daughter, Ellie-May, died from bronchial asthma in 2015, according to the New York Post. Thanks to a coroner’s inquest into her daughter's death, she was finally given some answers on Monday.The coroner ruled that Grange Clinic “missed” the opportunity to “provide potentially live-saving treatment” to her child, Sky News reports.The 5-year-old girl was reportedly not seen by a doctor, despite having an emergency appointment,  because it operated a "10-minute rule."Clark said she and her daughter arrived only five minutes late because they didn't have a car. She said she warned them she might be late when she called the clinic. According to the coroner, this was the first time the rule had been enforced in regards to an emergency appointment. Reports also state that Clark was reportedly told to come back in the morning without the doctor even looking at her daughter’s medical records, which would have shown that the child has a history of asthma.“From the evidence before me, it is not possible for me to determine with certainty whether an earlier intervention would have altered the outcome for Ellie, but nonetheless Ellie should have been seen by a [doctor] that day, and she was let down by the failures in the system,” the coroner wrote.According to the New York Post, Grange Clinic released a statement, saying: “Dr. Rowe knows that nothing can be said to Ellie-May’s family to make a difference, but she would like to say how truly sorry she is.”The coroner plans to write a letter to the health board and the clinic in hopes of addressing the tragedy and preventing similar situations in the future. Additionally, a spokesman for Aneurin Bevan University Health Board told BBC it would be "inappropriate to comment whilst we await the coroner's report".Mary Stringini is a Digital Reporter for ABC Action News. Follow her on Twitter @MaryWFTS. 2209