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When two Stanford economists, Bob Wilson and Paul Milgrom, won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, it was announced very early in the morning Pacific time. So early, that one of the men didn’t pick up their phone and was told about the award through his security camera.“Paul, it’s Bob Wilson. You’ve won the Nobel Prize, and they’re trying to reach you,” Wilson said to his co-recipient through the front door camera around 2 a.m. PT.Milgrom responds, “Wow, yeah, OK.” 484

While much-needed rain falling in parts of Northern California could help firefighters battling the deadly Camp Fire, it could also prompt powerful mudslides and debris flow, adding to the devastation for communities that have already been ravaged by the flames.Authorities fear the showers -- even as they clear the choking smoke and help extinguish flames -- will trigger mudslides and floods in areas scarred by the Camp Fire, complicating the search for victims' remains. Rain could also pile on misery for people forced from their homes, some of whom are living in tent camps outside.Two weeks after the devastating fire started, 563 people are unaccounted for, Butte County Sheriff and Coroner Kory Honea said. Of the 83 killed in the Camp Fire, at least 58 of them have been tentatively identified as rescue crews sift through debris, searching for more remains.The rain could make the process of scouring through the ash and debris more complicated, and lead to treacherous conditions for firefighters, officials said.It has been raining on and off for the past several hours in the town of Paradise, which was wiped out by the fire. A flash flood watch remains in effect through Friday morning, CNN meteorologist Gene Norman said. 1247

While the vast majority of us only get to vote for one candidate on the ballot, voters in Maine are allowed to vote for multiple candidates.Maine's unique election process was approved by voters in 2016. Although this might sound like a strange way of voting, the process allows for “instant runoffs.” Election officials continually eliminate the last-place candidate until there are only two candidates left or a candidate receives a majority of the vote.For instance, if your first choice is eliminated, your second choice becomes your vote until that candidate is eliminated or is declared the winner.On Tuesday, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court ruled against a GOP-led initiative that attempted to delay the use of ranked choice voting in the presidential election. The court struck down a lower-court ruling.The process had already been used in the primary and the 2018 midterm. Governor Paul LePage protested the results from the 2018 election, and threatened not to certify the results. In Maine’s House District 2, Democrat Jared Golden won the election despite not receiving a plurality of first-choice votes. Golden ended up garnering a majority after two independent candidates were eliminated.Maine is also unique as it is only one of two US states that divvy up Electoral College votes based on congressional districts. While the winner of Maine’s statewide vote automatically garners two Electoral College votes, the state’s other two votes are given to the candidate who wins within a congressional district.In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the state’s overall vote, but failed to win both of the state’s congressional districts, which resulted in Donald Trump taking one of the state’s four Electoral College votes.For this year’s election, while the Maine’s first congressional district is expected to lead Joe Biden to a statewide victory, the second district is expected to be a tight race. 1915

With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

WISCONSIN — An update on the expected re-entry of China's old Tiangong-1 space station has been announced.The space station was initially launched in September 2011. An official Chinese statement declared that Tiangong-1 terminated its data service on March 21, 2016. Since the Chinese government has lost control of the station, it's hard to predict where and when it will fall.The European Space Agency predicts the space station will fall back to Earth between March 30 and April 6, while research organization Aerospace predicts a re-entry on April 1, give or take 4 days.Aerospace says it is much easier to predict a re-entry time than a location. This explains the wide scope of possible re-entry zones, which both Aerospace and other organizations predict will be between 43 degrees North and 43 degrees South latitudes. 855

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