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LOS ANGELES, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Salmonella, not E. coli, poses the greatest health threat to Americans, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced on Tuesday.Salmonella infections have risen 10 percent over the past 15 years, while several types of foodborne illness have been falling, the agency said in a report.Infections from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 (the strain of most concern in the United States) have dropped almost in half and the rates of six other foodborne infections have been cut 23 percent, the CDC said.The agency issued the report as a deadly new strain of E.coli is spreading in several European countries."There are about 50 million people each year who become sick from food in the U.S.. That's about one in six Americans," CDC director Dr. Thomas R. Frieden said.The CDC attributed the reduction in infections from E. coli O157 to better detection and investigation of outbreaks, cleaner slaughterhouse methods, better testing of ground beef for E. coli, improved inspections of ground beef processing plants, regulations prohibiting E. coli O157 in ground beef and increased awareness of the importance of properly cooking beef.Other foodborne illnesses that fell in incidence over the same time period include those caused by the campylobacter, listeria, vibrio and yersinia pathogens.To reduce their risk of foodborne illness, people should assume that raw chicken and other meat have bacteria that can make you sick, the CDC said.In the kitchen, raw meats should not allow to contaminate counter tops or cutting boards and should be kept away from other foods, such as fruits and vegetables, the CDC advised.The agency also called on people to thoroughly cook meat, poultry, eggs and shellfish, while refraining from consuming unpasteurized milk, juice or soft cheese.

WASHINGTON, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Adhering to a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, exercising regularly, having a low body weight and eating a healthy diet, appears to lower the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in women, according to a study to be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association."Sudden cardiac death (defined as death occurring within one hour after symptom onset without evidence of circulatory collapse) accounts for more than half of all cardiac deaths, with an incidence of approximately 250,000 to 310,000 cases annually in the United States," the authors write as background information in the study.Using data collected as part of the Nurses' Health Study, Stephanie Chiuve, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and colleagues examined the association between a healthy lifestyle and risk of SCD.A total of 81,722 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study from June 1984 to June 2010 were included in the new study, and lifestyle factors were assessed via questionnaires every two to four years. A low-risk lifestyle was defined as not smoking, having a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25, exercise duration of 30 minutes/day or longer, and consuming a diet closely related to a Mediterranean-style diet (emphasizes high intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, whole grains and fish, with moderate alcohol intake).During the 26 years of follow-up, there were 321 cases of SCD among women (average age 72 years at the time of the SCD event) in the study. All four low-risk factors were significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of SCD. Not smoking, exercising and eating a healthy diet each were inversely associated with risk of SCD. BMI also was associated with the risk of SCD, with women having a BMI between 21 and 24.9 at lowest risk.Women at low risk for all four lifestyle factors had a 92 percent lower risk of SCD when compared with women at low risk for none of the four lifestyle factors."In this cohort of female nurses, adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of SCD and may be an effective strategy for the prevention of SCD," the authors write.

BEIJING, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The nation's drug watchdog on Friday publicized a draft national standard of sulfur dioxide residue in Chinese herbal medicine, which is open for public opinion until Sept. 9 this year.The maximum amount of sulfur dioxide residue is 400 mg in one kg of each of 11 specified kinds of herbal medicine, such as Chinese yams, Gastrodia elata and Codonopsis pilosola, according to the draft standard unveiled by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA).The standard provides a 150-mg-per-kg limit for all other kinds of herbal medicine.Fumigation with sulfur is used as a way of drying some herbal medicine by growers, and currently have no alternative that is both cheap and convenient.The SFDA said it doesn't favor the drying herbal medicine through fumigation with sulfur and urges research efforts to invent new alternatives.According to the World Health Organization, the tolerable maximum amount of sulfur dioxide that a human body can take in one day is 0.7 mg per kg, which means that an adult of 60 kg should not take in more than 42 mg of sulfur dioxide a day.Long-term exposure to high amounts of sulfur dioxide can cause damage to human body, especially the respiratory system, according to experts. 

BONN, Germany, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The latest United Nations (UN) climate talks ended here on Friday with no surprise -- some " technical issues" saw some progress, as delegates usually said, while major disagreements remained.The two-week UN climate negotiations have made "clear advances" on such issues as extending carbon trading mechanisms, climate fund management and slowing deforestation, Christiana Figueres, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) executive secretary, said at a closing press conference.Figueres said delegates from 183 countries stepped forward with a technology mechanism to boost global green technology sharing. The mechanism will include a Climate Technology Center and Network to establish a worldwide clean technology stakeholder community.As for the implementation of a comprehensive package of the Cancun summit last year, this Bonn session has "paved the way" for progress at the next UN ministerial-level climate conference, which is to be held in Durban, South Africa from Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, Figueres said."Strong convergence has emerged on how the Adaptation Committee will be governed, what its composition will be and what its specific role will be," she said. "This progress means that the Committee could be fully operationalized at Durban."The UN climate chief stressed that governments, business circles and civil society cannot solve issues related to climate change "in one meeting," and climate talks are "the most important " negotiations the world has ever seen."The Bonn meeting is practical, focusing on concrete issues. In general, the negotiating process is moving forward step by step and on the right track," Su Wei, China's chief negotiator, told Xinhua on Friday."Despite setbacks and reversals, parties are taking climate change seriously and are willing to promote the negotiations under the Bali Roadmap," he said. "In the past two weeks, contact groups are busy making informal consultations on various topics.""Admittedly, in some key areas, there is a gap among parties," Su said.During the meeting, many delegates and observers have complained that the pace of negotiation was unbearably slow, especially against the backdrop of a new warning from the International Energy Agency, which said the global energy-related carbon emissions rose to a record high in 2010 despite decade-long efforts on curbs.Experts said one of the main hurdles in current talks was still the old topic -- the fate of the Kyoto Protocol, the sole legally- binding pact on industrial countries' emission cuts set to expire at the end of 2012.The protocol, which binds 37 rich countries, has been crippled since Cancun, as Japan, Canada and Russia have clearly stated they would not extend the pact's second commitment period after 2012.The United States, which never ratified the treaty, said it would not accept any legal deal unless other major economies have similar emission constraints.The European Union (EU), the last major bloc that is open to the renewing of the Kyoto Protocol, said its supportive attitude should not be taken for granted. The EU said it would not unilaterally step up efforts on combating climate change if other nations are not willing to do the same.Meanwhile, developing countries insisted that the updating of the Kyoto Protocol remains "the very core issue" of current talks, asking rich nations to shoulder their historical responsibilities and preserve the pact as a major legally-binding instrument to tackle climate change.The Group of 77 and China, representing over 130 developing nations, have said that the renewal of the Protocol should be the priority for Durban.On Friday, Figueres said that "resolving the future of the Kyoto Protocol is an essential task this year and will require high-level political guidance.""By Durban, governments need to come forward with options that will be acceptable to all parties," she said, adding that high- level contacts are necessary to break the ice.She told reporters that environment ministers are due to meet in Berlin from July 3 to 4, known as a continuation of last year's ministerial-level informal talks held in the town of Petersburg near Bonn. Moreover, world leaders are due to discuss climate change on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in September.Before the Durban summit, delegates have agreed to hold an additional round of climate talks in late September or early October, Figueres revealed.

BEIJING, May 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality in China, representing 85 percent of all deaths, said a senior health official.Kong Lingzhi, deputy director of the disease prevention and control bureau under the Ministry of Health, made the remarks on Saturday at the Forum of Prevention and Control of Chronic Disease."China is facing a great challenge from chronic diseases, which has a serious impact on both the economy and society," said Kong.Each year, about 3.7 million people die before they reach 60 because of chronic diseases. There are currently 200 million hypertension patients and 90 million diabetics in China, official statistics show.To address the challenge, "the government is now drafting an inter-ministerial roadmap for chronic disease intervention, which will set targets, define responsibilities and distribute guidelines for the prevention and control of chronic diseases," she said.The initiative aims to strengthen national and global monitoring and surveillance; scale up the implementation of evidence-based measures to reduce risk factors, such as tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful alcohol use; and improve access to cost-effective healthcare to prevent complications, disabilities and premature death.But more importantly, the roadmap will help gain attention and support for preventing and controlling chronic diseases and place it high on government working agendas, Kong explained.The government has focused more on addressing instant health crises up to now and policy and funding support for chronic disease control and prevention was very limited, admitted Mao Qun'an, spokesman of the ministry.Given that chronic disease control requires a systematic approach, tasks such as public health education, training for medical workers (especially the grassroots ones) and policies encouraging doctors' involvement need to be carried out, he said.The ultimate goal is to prevent people from getting ill rather than treating diseases, he added.Lei Zhenglong, deputy director of the disease prevention and control bureau, said that to enhance the capacity of medical workers was now the top priority for the initiative.At present, effective disease prevention work usually contradicts the financial interests of clinical doctors, analysts said.A respiratory disease doctor surnamed He with the Peking University People's Hospital said that he came under pressure from the hospital authorities when the number of inpatients declined due to his efforts to inform his patients about chronic disease prevention.