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KATHMANDU, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- "One of the major problems of death due to breast cancer in Nepal is poverty and untimely diagnosis," said Dr. Abish Adhikari Oncologist at the Bir Hospital in Nepali capital Kathmandu in an exclusive interview with Xinhua on Sunday.Adhikari said that the other reason why breast cancer leads to death of women is "women are not decision makers in their houses"."Many people who come here do not want to treat their wives or daughters because of the expenses as they are poor and it is really expensive here to treat cancer," Adhikari said.According to the Nepal Cancer Relief Society, of all cancer cases among the Nepali women and teenage girls as well, 60 percent is of breast cancer.Unverified rough data of the breast cancer patients in Nepal are above 50,000.Adhikari added that women are shy to talk about the problems of breast. They do not go to hospitals for the check up until they are bedridden and at the time they reach hospital they are mostly in the advanced stage.The major causes behind the breast cancer in Nepal are heredity, late pregnancy, consumption of alcohol and smoking. However, unawareness about it remains another major problem that leadind to death of many women in Nepal.Moreover, the rural women in Nepal are unaware about breast cancer, and if they are having some problem, they tend to hide it.Talking to Xinhua, Sajani Manandhar, General Secretary of Richa Bajimaya Memorial Foundation, a cancer awareness raising group said that the major cause of the preventable cancer in Nepal is unawareness.Also a nurse by profession, she said that no one bothers about mammography or regular checkup but are diagnosed at the very late stage.There are less than five hospitals that provide mammography service in the country.Roshani Chitrakar, 48 who is in advanced stage of cancer said that she did not told anyone while she found something unusual in her breast because it was not painful."I took it normally, but when I thought it might be a cancer and told my family and I was already in the advanced stage," she said.Her daughter, Roji Manandhar, said that the doctor has already told that she will not be living long. She is having difficulty even to eat currently.Another cancer patient, 67 years old farmer, Nakkali Nahakhusi said that she told her husband when she found her breast unusual. Her husband, former armyman, immediately took her to the hospital when she told about the problem.Now, she is already cured, and said with smilingly that the god of death did not want to take me away.She said that awareness should be raised because cancer is curable at the early stage.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

SUVA, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- There are 60 typhoid cases in Nanoko, with 29 already hospitalized, according to Fiji's Health Ministry.Senior Health Inspector Paula Laqere said Sunday that the increas means that people are not practicing proper hygiene standards. Laqere said most of the communities in Fiji have a really low level of good hygiene practices.The other problem is that some communities in Fiji have very poor sources of clean and safe water and this is what Fijian guests need to be cautious of."Typhoid is basically spread through contaminated water and our hygiene practices. It's an indicator that the sanitation level of any community is really low."A 30 day public health emergency is in place for the village, effective from Dec. 12 to Jan. 12.Recently, Fiji recorded rates of high typhoid fever in the world, said WHO South Pacific Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Team leader doctor Jacob Kool.Kool said typhoid fever was difficult to diagnose and could be fatal in 10-20 percent of untreated patients.Recent studies showed that infants are commonly affected and are extremely vulnerable to the disease. Outbreaks occur regularly in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation including urban slums, he said.Kool said the only reliable symptom was prolonged fever and blood and stool culture are still the best available diagnostic tests but have a high rate of false negative results. He said therefore suspected typhoid cases should be treated regardless of the result of lab tests and ciprofloxacin was the recommended therapy for all age groups.Last year AusAID, WHO and UNICEF launched a typhoid fever vaccination campaign in Fiji.

BEIJING, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- China will regulate the production and sale of cosmetic colored contact lenses by including them in its list of items classified as "medical apparatus."Some people wear such non-corrective colored contacts to change or enhance eye color for cosmetic and fashion purposes.As these contacts are not for vision correction and medication purposes, they are currently off limits to the country's medical administration and regulators, said a statement published on the website of the State Food and Drug Administration on Thursday.However, with the increasingly popular use of cosmetic contacts, safety and quality problems due to the regulation loophole are likely to harm consumers' health, and the administration has decided to expand the current medical regulation on contact lenses to cover cosmetic ones, the statement said.It explained that the administration will soon issue a notice to ban the manufacture and sale of these contacts without proper registration and licenses.The statement also warned consumers of the risks of these contacts and suggested they carefully choose and use such products.

BEIJING, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Acclaimed orthopaedic surgeons and experts attending a major conference in Beijing have agreed to build up a platform for international cooperation aiming at jointly coping with medical and social challenges.At the Sixth International Congress of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association (COA) that concluded on Sunday, presidents of more than 80 national and international orthopaedic societies signed a declaration which seeks a model for both developing and developed countries to help reduce medical costs in the aftermath of the global financial crisis.With an aging global population, rapidly rising medical costs have become a heavy financial burden for governments worldwide. Medical insurance cost control has become a hot topic around the world.Bone and joint diseases, infections due to traffic accident traumas and other diseases causing high disability rates have affected millions of people worldwide."One of the objectives of the COA international conference is to provide a platform for medical experts around the world to discuss not only clinical techniques but also medical and social problems," said Professor Wang Yan, chairman of the COA.To fully leverage existing professional knowledge and resources, presidents of orthopaedic organizations attending the conference adopted and released the Beijing Declaration which calls for a platform to enhance global and national collaboration and partnerships among the professions, industries and related patient organizations and disciplines.The declaration also stresses maximizing Internet-based learning and encouraging international exchanges."Worldwide, I have one lament, that we've spent so much money on medical research, but very little on orthopaedics. Most governments are more anxious to fund cancer or infectious diseases," said Professor Michael Huggness, president of the North American Spine Society."We think we're a bit handicapped by not having the money to pursue the research. As we get more sophisticated in our treatment, the price does go up. My expectation is that in another five to 10 years, we'll begin to apply some molecular techniques to assist us in healing. Maybe the price will come down when our knowledge base increases. But I think we'll just have to wait for a bit more research and a bit more basic science.""We definitely will... look into this issue of how we can have a suitably assigned budget from the government for orthopaedic care," said Professor K.M. Chan, from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong."At the same time, we use evidence-based medicine to contain the medical cost in orthopaedics with very stringent monitors from the professions. That involves good-practice models, quality insurance and patient safety. With all these, we expect that the profession will be heading forward to join hands with the government to contain the cost."More than 15,000 surgeons, researchers and business representatives from China and abroad are attending the four-day annual conference to share the latest theories and techniques for curing musculoskeletal diseases as well as related social topics.Founded in 1980, the COA now has more than 30,000 registered members and is the largest sub-society of doctors under the Chinese Medical Association. The conference is the largest medical academic event in China.