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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As we approach the November election, all eyes are on a handful of battleground states.That’s because of an election procedure that a lot of people have questions about and one that is unique to presidential politics: the Electoral College.When you fill out a ballot for president, you’re not actually voting for the candidate whose name you see. In California, you’re actually voting for 55 people who you may have never heard of, a “slate of electors,” who turn around and cast the real votes from the state Capitol in December. It dates back to 1787. The Founding Fathers were split on the mechanics of how to elect a president, and “this was the thing that they could all agree on,” said UC San Diego political science professor Daniel Butler.The Electoral College was a compromise between the framers who were leery of giving direct power to the masses and others who opposed having Congress elect the president.“It felt a lot like Parliament, a lot like what the British did, which is not what they were going to do,” Butler said.Article II of the Constitution lays out how it works. Each state gets a number of electors equal to the size of their congressional delegation; their senators and U.S. representatives. California has 55 electors, the most of any state.The Founders set up the Electoral College system under one big assumption: that it would be extremely rare for candidates to actually secure a majority, which today is 270 votes. If the contest ended without a majority winner, it would be decided by Congress.The last election decided by Congress was in 1824. The scenario the Founders predicted might happen once or twice a century has unfolded in every election since.“I think what frustrates many people about the Electoral College is that that majority winner in the popular vote isn’t always who captures the majority in the Electoral College,” said UC San Diego political science chair Thad Kousser.In 2016, then-candidate Donald Trump became just the fifth person in history to win the Electoral College and lose the popular vote, out of 58 presidential elections. It also happened in 2000 in the contest between George W. Bush and Al Gore.The Founders envisioned the Electoral College as a check on the popular vote, able to potentially choose a different candidate than the one favored by the masses, but in practice, electors almost never do that. Most states have laws requiring electors to follow the popular vote.It was big news in 2016 when 10 electors broke ranks in an effort to block candidate Trump, because in every state electors are party loyalists, hand-picked by top leaders. So-called faithless electors have never swung an election.Kousser says for all the recent controversy surrounding the electoral college, there are some major benefits. Because the system empowers states whose electorate is closely divided between the parties, Kousser said it helps mitigate the role of money in politics.“What the electoral college does is it focuses and narrows the playing field to these few battleground states,” he said. “That's where you've got to run ads. That's where you've got to run your campaigns, not in 50 states. If we had to run 50-state campaigns then it would cost billions of dollars to win elections and it would give a huge advantage to whichever side raised the most money.”The other benefit of focusing elections on key swing states is that it pushes the parties more towards the center, Kousser argues. Without the Electoral College, he says candidates would try to “run up the score” and collect as many votes as possible in more populous states like California and Texas that tend to be more politically polarized. 3703

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- At least four people were stabbed in a brawl that erupted following a car show in Kearny Mesa early Thursday morning.San Diego police said the incident happened at a Chevron gas station in the 7700 block of Copley Park Place just after 12 a.m.According to police, about 50 people appeared at the gas station following a car show at a nearby park. During the gathering, a fight broke out, and a male pulled out a handgun and fired several gunshots.At the same time, another male used a knife to slash the tires of several vehicles and then tried to stab another male.When officers arrived at the gas station, those involved in the reported incident fled the area. Police discovered shell casings and blood at the scene.A short time later, police learned two people with stab wounds arrived at a Kaiser Permanente facility on Clairemont Mesa Boulevard. Both victims were then transferred to Sharp Memorial Hospital for treatment.Police learned two more people with stab wounds showed up at Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla.According to police, the victims were between age 16-21. The victims described the suspect as a Hispanic male.No arrests have been made. 1190

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Concerns continue to grow after the Del Mar coastline collapses three times in a matter of weeks.Large parts of the cliffs, between 8th and 11th streets, have come tumbling down to the shore. “Parts of the cliffs are still unstable but it’s difficult to tell when exactly that failure, or additional failures, may occur,” says Adam Young.Young is a Project Scientist with Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He says the timing of the collapses is unusual.“We see this activity in the winter time when we have a lot of rain. you can get a lot of land sliding but to have something in the summer time is quite unusual.”Scripps is continuing to monitor the coastline. In a statement from Del Mar City Councilman Terry Sinnott it says in part:“First, we working with SANDAG on a project called Del Mar Bluff #4 that will be built in early 2019 that will improve the drainage coming off the developed properties to the East. Second, there is a long-term solution which is to move the train tracks off the bluffs."Young also advises beach goers to be aware of their surroundings near the cliffs and to adhere to signs that say do not enter.Following a recent bluff collapse, the Del Mar bluffs have been three dimensionally mapped. Watch the video in the player below:  1296

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Anxiety is growing along La Jolla Boulevard after months of drive-by vandals shattering the windows of businesses, homes and cars."It's a little terrifying, random, and I don't know when it's going to happen," said David Heine.Heine owns Beaumont's Eatery. Last Saturday, just before 7 p.m., a customer parked a car across the street."Just crossed the street onto the sidewalk, when we heard the smash. Their car window shattered. At the same time, rocks came through our awning," said Heine.Heine says the rocks tore through the vinyl awning and struck his hostess, who wasn't injured."The rocks bounced past kids on the patio. It's a dangerous situation," said Heine.It's a danger that isn't going away. The incident is the latest of five similar incidents here in the past few months. Along a mile-and-a-half stretch of La Jolla Blvd., a similar story has been unfolding: Kitchen and car windows shattered, along with windows of other businesses like the Baskin-Robbins.Megan Murphy, co-owner of Verdes El Ranchero restaurant, just finished replacing her second rock shattered window. But this Saturday night, a clue emerged from her new cameras. In the video, a dark sedan pauses to let two people cross the street, before a person wearing red leans out of the window and appears to toss something out. At the same time, rocks appear on the ground near the pedestrians. The rocks recovered have been about an inch long, but they've been thrown with velocity. A handful of people have been hit, but there have been no serious injuries."One of these times someone is going to get seriously hurt, and it's not okay ... not kids being kids. It's vandalism," said Murphy.Heine says each incident has occurred at night and generally on the weekend. Anyone with information is asked to call San Diego Police at 619-531-2000. 1849

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- At least one San Diego woman is a part of thousands who've volunteered to participate in a human challenge trial to find a vaccine for COVID-19. April Simpkins is a healthy 29-year-old. Simpkins said she felt helpless watching as the pandemic spread around the world, until she heard about 1 Day Sooner while listening to a podcast. 1 Day Sooner is an organization that advocates for volunteers willing to participate in a human challenge trial. The trial means being infected with COVID-19 in hopes of speeding up the process for a vaccine. The trial is restricted to young and healthy people. So far, there is no plan for any human challenge trials to fight COVID-19, but over 30,000 thousand people, from over 140 countries, have signed up to volunteer. The hope is to have the list of volunteers ready, if and when such a trial is approved. The trial would still require approval from a type of medical ethics board and from the Food and Drug Administration. To find out more about 1 Day Sooner click here. 1038