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(CNN) -- Artificially-generated faces of people who don't exist are being used to front fake Facebook accounts in an attempt to trick users and game the company's systems, the social media network said Friday. Experts who reviewed the accounts say it is the first time they have seen fake images like this being used at scale as part of a single social media campaign.The accounts, which were removed by Facebook on Friday, were part of a network that generally posted in support of President Trump and against the Chinese government, experts who reviewed the accounts said. Many of the accounts promoted links to a Facebook page and website called "The BL." Facebook said the accounts were tied to the US-based Epoch Media Group, which owns The Epoch Times newspaper, a paper tied to the Falun Gong movement that is similarly pro-Trump.The publisher of the Epoch Times denied that Epoch and The BL were linked in emails to the fact-checking organization Snopes earlier this year.In a statement released after this story initially published on Friday, Epoch Times publisher Stephen Gregory said, "The Epoch Times and The BL media companies are unaffiliated. The BL was founded by a former employee, and employs some of our former employees. However, that some of our former employees work for BL is not evidence of any connection between the two organizations."The BL is a publication of Epoch Times Vietnam. As can be seen in archived pages of The Epoch Times website, Epoch Times Vietnam was no longer listed as part of Epoch Media Group in October 2018."In response, a Facebook spokesperson told CNN Business that executives at The BL were active administrators on Epoch Media Group Pages as recently as Friday morning.The dystopian revelation of the use of artificially-generated images in this way points to an increasingly complicated online information landscape as America enters a presidential election year. Silicon Valley and the US intelligence community are still struggling with the fallout from widespread online interference in the 2016 presidential election.The Facebook accounts used profile pictures that appeared to show real people smiling and looking directly into a camera. But the people do not and have never existed, according to Facebook and other researchers. The images were created using artificial intelligence technology. The same basic methods are used to produce deepfake videos — fake videos that the US intelligence community has warned could be used as part of a foreign disinformation campaign targeting Americans.Other fake accounts that were part of the same network used stolen pictures of real people, according to the social media investigations company Graphika and the thinktank the Atlantic Council. Facebook provided information to Graphika and the Atlantic Council for analysis in advance of Friday's announcement.The accounts were used to run dozens of pro-Trump Facebook groups with names like "America Needs President Trump," and "WE STAND WITH TRUMP & PENCE!," according to Graphika and the Atlantic Council.The fact-checking organizations Snopes and Lead Stories had reported in recent weeks and months about the use of artificial images on Facebook that were part of this network of accounts. Snopes published a story last week criticizing Facebook's apparent inaction on the issue. Facebook said Friday it had "benefited from open source reporting" in the takedown but said that its own systems that monitor for coordinated and inauthentic behavior had proactively identified many of the accounts.In a joint report on their findings, Graphika and the Atlantic Council outlined how they were able to determine which of the profile photos had been generated using artificial intelligence. "This technology is rapidly evolving toward generating more believable pictures, but a few indicators still give these profile pictures away," they said.Images generated using artificial intelligence, specifically by a machine-learning method known as a GAN, or generative adversarial network, are "notorious for struggling with features that should be symmetrical on the human face, such as glasses or earrings, and with background details. Profile pictures from the network showed telltales of all three."GANs consist of two neural networks — which are algorithms modeled on the neurons in a brain — facing off against each other to produce real-looking images. One of the neural networks generates images (of, say, a woman's face), while the other tries to determine whether that image is a fake or a real face.While experts were able to spot these telltale signs on close inspection, it is likely the regular Facebook user would not.Over the past year, a number of websites have emerged online that create fake faces using artificial intelligence.Researchers from Graphika and the Atlantic Council could not conclusively determine if the people behind the fake accounts had used artificial pictures from these public sites or had generated their own.In their report released Friday, Graphika and the Atlantic Council said, "The ease with which the operation managed to generate so many synthetic pictures, in order to give its fake accounts (mostly) convincing faces, is a concern. Further research is needed to find ways to identify AI-generated profile pictures reliably and at scale, so that platforms and researchers can automate their detection."Connection to Epoch Media GroupIn all, Facebook said Friday, it had removed a network of 610 Facebook accounts, 89 pages, 90 groups, and 72 Instagram accounts. About 55 million accounts followed one or more of the pages, and the vast majority of followers were outside the United States, Facebook said. Facebook did not say if all of all these followers were real — some of them may themselves have been fake accounts.The network of pages removed on Friday had spent almost million on Facebook ads, according to Facebook.Facebook's investigation primarily focused on "The BL" (The Beauty of Life) — a set of Facebook pages and a website that says its goal is to "present to the world the most beautiful aspects of life."The pages often shared pro-Trump and anti-China content.On its website, The BL outlined the dangers of "inaccurate and degenerate information" that it said "can be easily channeled toward vulnerable or uninformed people."The purpose of the fake accounts, including those using fake faces, appears to have been to promote links to The BL's website and Facebook pages, Ben Nimmo, director of investigations at Graphika told CNN Business on Friday.Facebook said the fake accounts were tied to the US-based Epoch Media Group and "individuals in Vietnam working on its behalf." The company did not outline precisely how it made the connection, but in recent years Facebook has hired a team of investigators to find fake accounts on the platform.The Epoch Times newspaper is part of the Epoch Media Group. The newspaper has almost 6 million followers on Facebook. Nathaniel Gleicher, Facebook's head of security policy, told CNN Business Thursday that Facebook was not suspending the newspaper's account but investigations into Epoch's behavior on Facebook were ongoing.Snopes reported earlier this month that the publisher of the Epoch Times denied that The BL and Epoch were linked.In August, Facebook banned ads from The Epoch Times after an NBC News investigation detailed how the newspaper was secretly running pro-Trump Facebook ads under alternate accounts. The Epoch Times' publisher said in a statement to NBC News, "The Epoch Times advertisements are print-subscription advertisements describing our paper's reporting — a popular practice of many publishers — and every one of these ads was approved by Facebook before publishing."A Facebook spokesperson said the company shared its findings with Twitter and Google, which owns YouTube.A Twitter spokesperson confirmed in a statement Friday, "today we identified and suspended approximately 700 accounts originating from Vietnam for violating our rules around platform manipulation — specifically fake accounts and spam.""Investigations are still ongoing, but our initial findings have not identified links between these accounts and state-sponsored actors," the spokesperson added.Google did not immediately respond to CNN Business' request for comment. 8341

(CNN) -- An American woman has been charged with human trafficking after allegedly trying to smuggle a six-day-old baby out of the Philippines.At a press conference by the Philippines National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Thursday, International Airport Investigation Division chief Manuel Dimaano said the 43-year-old U.S. woman had used a sling bag to allegedly hide the baby while passing through immigration, and did not provide any documentation for the child.Dimaano said that after immigration, the woman allegedly removed the baby from the bag and was carrying it when she tried to board her Delta Airlines flight at Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport.Philippines authorities were contacted when the woman couldn't provide documentation for the child when asked by Delta Airlines crew at the boarding gate."She has been charged with a violation of the Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003," NBI spokesperson Auralyn Pascual said."The child's situation must have been very difficult during the time that he was put inside that bag."Dimaano said the mother had been contacted by authorities and would be charged. Police have not been able to find the child's father, he added.The Philippines Bureau of Immigration first announced on Wednesday that it had detained the woman. CNN Philippines reported that when discovered, she claimed to be the child's aunt.The NBI said the woman allegedly carried the baby from Davao to Manila, before attempting to fly out of the country. She allegedly told authorities that the baby's mother was an unmarried single parent, but gave no information on whether the child had been given or sold.Investigations into the case are ongoing. 1696

"We take many factors into account when determining driving routes, including the size of the road and the directness of the route. While we always work to provide the best directions, issues can arise due to unforeseen circumstances such as weather. We encourage all drivers to follow local laws, stay attentive, and use their best judgement while driving." 366

YPSILANTI, Mich. — One entrepreneur thinks flying cars will one day change the way Americans travel — even though his creation almost cost him his life.Sanjay Dhall, the founder of Detroit Flying Car Company, is still recovering from a December crash at Willow Run Airport in Ypsilanti. Dhall said he was testing out the controls in his flying car prototype when he accidentally took off and found himself 150 feet in the air.“It was a miraculous escape. I did break a lot of bones from head to toe,” Dhall said. “… But amazingly the machine took the majority of the impact and I survived.”The machine was destroyed.“One wrong calculation can mean the difference between life and death,” Dhall said. He says he now is more committed than ever to getting the technology right.“I still want to get back and build another prototype, a demonstrator vehicle that will succeed,” Dhall said.A study released this week by the University of Michigan motivates him. It found that for trips of about 60 miles and longer, a fully-loaded flying car carrying a pilot and three passengers had 52% lower greenhouse gas emissions and time savings compared to ground-based gasoline powered cars with an average vehicle occupancy of 1.54."Consumers could be incentivized to share trips, given the significant time savings from flying versus driving," The study's author, Akshat Kasliwal, said.The study found flying cars would travel the 60 miles much faster, resulting in a time savings of about 80 percent compared to cars driving on the road.When compared to electric cars, fully-loaded flying cars still had 6% lower greenhouse gas emissions on trips longer than 60 miles.“When flight happens, constraints are gone. And when constraints go away things have a way of going cleaner ways,” Dhall said.The study did find that on short trips, it is more efficient to stay on the ground.Dhall points out that his prototype features wings that retract into the vehicle, allowing travel by road or sky. In theory, he says it could be an overall greener way of traveling.He says he named his company in honor of the Detroit inventors who changed the way people around the world travel.He believes flying cars will do the same in the future. 2229

 Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648