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The 2016 election was psychologically traumatic for some, according to a new study published in the Journal of American College Health. It found that 1 out of 4 students surveyed experienced clinically significant event-related distress short term.Researchers from San Francisco State University, University of California, San Francisco and Arizona State University assessed a diverse group of nearly 800 undergraduates at Arizona State two to three months after the election.A key battleground, Arizona got a lot of political attention. Ultimately, Trump won Arizona by a narrow margin, earning 48.7% of the vote.The survey students filled out asked questions to determine the emotional effect of the event the election. It asked about the impact the election had on close relationships and assessed clinical symptoms of distress and subclinical impacts, meaning emotions that don't present definitive, more readily observable symptoms.Symptoms included "avoidance," a clinical term used to describe how someone deliberately stays away from whatever is causing them trauma, and "intrusion," a clinical term meaning the inability to keep memories of the source of their trauma from returning. The researchers also looked to see if demographics made a difference.Most of those surveyed, 65%, said the election had no impact on their close relationships. About 24% reported a slight or very negative impact and a little more than 10% reported a positive impact.If the election did have a negative emotional impact, avoidance was more common than intrusion among these students. One-fourth of participants showed clinically significant avoidance and intrusion symptoms in response to the election. Women, Democrats, people who did not identify as Christian and sexual minorities reported significantly more event-related distress, the study found.The students surveyed came from diverse backgrounds and held a mix of political opinions. Of the group, 18.5% reported that they were satisfied with the result of the election, 25% said they were somewhat satisfied, 19.2% said they were somewhat dissatisfied, and 37.2% said they were completely dissatisfied. Thirty-nine percent also reported that they were "considerably or extremely" upset by the election, 28.5% were not at all upset, the rest fell somewhere between.The study had limitations. The survey did not look at conditions long term. It couldn't rule out other stressors. It only looked at this one election and did not evaluate how students reacted in other years.Other studies looking at the 2016 election have found similar results. A study released in June that surveyed nearly 300 students two days before the 2016 election, on election night, and two days after, found that students who were concerned about Trump's ability to govern and those who were a part of the "non-dominant social group," including women and people of color, showed increased signs of stress before and during election night. Biological tests showed some signs of increased stress after the election, although there was a general recovery in mood, according to self-reported results.Lindsay Till Hoyt, who co-authored that study and is not connected with the current work, found this latest research interesting. She was not surprised that students felt increased stress."I think so much of the social media and news about the election really felt personal and aimed at specific groups like Mexican Americans and women," Hoyt, an?assistant professor of psychology at Fordham University,?said.For example, she cites Trump's justification for building a wall between Mexico and the US, saying in a debate "we have some bad hombres here and we're going to get them out." Or when a 2005 "Access Hollywood" tape was released in which Trump talked about how his celebrity status allowed him to behave aggressively with women, saying he could "grab them by the (expletive)" and that he would sometimes "just start kissing them.""Comments like those could hit very close to home, as opposed to arguments about abstract concepts like foreign policy and economic policy, students might not be as well versed in those topics," Hoyt said. "Because there was literal name-calling going on in the election cycle, even with students less politically engaged, that strong language and the harsher crassness of the rhetoric may have had a more broad effect on these students."In another study she and a graduate student are working on, they've noticed that both sides, conservatives and liberals, say they have felt discriminated against during the election, and preliminary results show it has caused them stress that interrupted their sleep."It's not just along ethnic and racial discrimination lines," Hoyt said "Conservatives also feel discrimination is affecting their sleep, it crosses both sides of the political aisle."Another 2018 study looking at how 700 teachers navigated the days after the election with K-12 students, and researchers found stories of such distress. One surveyed teacher remarked "for millions of people, this is real trauma."Beth Sondel,?who co-authored that study of teachers, finds this latest research on college students useful."Many of these young kids that the teachers were talking about in our study weren't privy to the policy being presented in the election, but the rhetoric was so strong it was impacting them," said Sondel, a research assistant professor in the department of instruction and learning at the University of Pittsburgh School of Education.Teachers reported they saw an immediate heightened fear of deportation among students. One teacher reported one of her seventh graders asked her if "Trump can come with a bus and get me?" Another teacher in Nebraska said a high school student who was expecting a baby asked if the teacher would take care of the baby if he was deported. Another teacher reported consoling a second-grade student who told her through tears that she was worried that when she'd get home from school her parents wouldn't be there."In general, I think our results are similar, in that we are finding that even these younger students are internalizing this rhetoric and it is causing stress and trauma," Sondel said. "I think the personal has become really political in this election."The authors hope this latest study will help mental health professionals better counsel college students have. Knowing that an election can cause distress, professionals should ask about it to better target treatment, they said. 6606

TAMPA, Fla. (AP) ¡ª In his first trip to Florida at the Democratic presidential nominee, Joe Biden sought to build support among Latinos, who could decide the election in one of the nation's fiercest battleground states. WATCH LIVE:In a roundtable with veterans in Tampa on Tuesday afternoon, Biden tore into President Donald Trump for his reported remarks referring to fallen soldiers as "suckers" and "losers." Later in the day, Biden will hold a Hispanic Heritage Month kickoff event in Kissimmee, near Orlando, as part of an urgent mission to build support among Latinos who could decide the election in one of the nation's fiercest battleground states. 664

Stitch by stitch, Juanita Martinez is creating a better future for her family and her community.¡°As a woman and a Hispanic, I think that I¡¯m really proud of what we¡¯ve done,¡± she said.Martinez is a co-owner of Three Amigos Graphics, a mother daughter-run business in Houston, Texas, with the third amigo being their neighborhood.¡°They love us,¡± Martinez said of her community. ¡°I don¡¯t know how else to put it. They take care of us and they make sure that we¡¯re okay and that¡¯s part of the community that we¡¯re in.¡±Martinez runs one of more than 600,000 thousand Hispanic-owned businesses in the United States. According to the Houston Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, those businesses account for almost trillion in annual economic spending in areas ranging from, what experts describe as, the barrio to the boardroom.¡°That community has continued to mature in terms of their education and their buying power, so the number trillion doesn¡¯t surprise me,¡± said Randy Velarde, president of The Plaza Group, an international petrochemical marketing group.While Hispanics continue to add and impact the nation¡¯s economy, Velarde is promoting quality over quantity.¡°I¡¯m hopeful and encouraged by our ability to be more influential in other parts of society,¡± he said.In 2019, the number of Hispanics reached 60.6 million, making up 18% of the U.S. population, according to the Houston Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.¡°As go Hispanics goes Houston and in this case as go Hispanics so goes the United States,¡± said Dr. Laura Murillo, president the Houston Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. She says Hispanics account for roughly a quarter of the U.S. gross domestic product and she hopes corporate America starts taking better notice.¡°Latinos have made many strides,¡± Murillo said. ¡°We should continue to aspire to be in high places but never forget that many of us came from Navigation.¡±Back on Navigation Blvd., Three Amigos Graphics continues working to better their local economy and their community.¡°It¡¯s nice to have money but we¡¯re not in it to be rich,¡± Martinez said. ¡°We want to make sure when I do good my neighborhood is doing well.¡± 2140

The banana phone is back.A startup that licenses the Nokia phone brand has unveiled a new version of the 8110, a curved mobile phone that was first released in 1996 and featured in "The Matrix."The phone, which is offered in banana yellow and black, will sell for €79 (). It comes loaded with a new version of the game Snake, Finnish startup HMD said in a statement."This is a return to the glory years of Nokia," said Ian Fogg, senior analyst at IHS Markit. "But it also includes all the new technology."The 8110 comes with 4G, and a handful of apps including Google Maps, Facebook and Twitter. But it doesn't have a flashy operating system and users won't be able to download other popular apps.Fogg said that basic -- or "feature" -- phones are appealing because they are reliable, and can run for a long time on a single charge. The 8110 goes 25 days in standby mode, for example.Nokia used to be the world's largest maker of mobile phones, but it struggled to adapt to the era of smartphones and compete with the likes of Apple and Samsung.Microsoft purchased the company's handset business in 2013, but later unwound the deal. Nokia now focuses on making technology for telecommunications networks.HMD, which has licensed the Nokia brand since 2016, sold over 70 million handsets in 2017, according to IHS. That puts its sales, on an annualized basis, in the same league as Sony and Lenovo."HMD's strategy clearly aims to return Nokia to be a mobile market leader, even if it's too early for HMD to realistically target displacing Samsung or Apple," Fogg said.Nokia marketed the original 8110 as "the first of its kind in terms of its ergonomics." Its battery lasted up to six days, and it was able to store 16 ring tones and up to 324 names and numbers."It feels good in the hand and fits into any pocket. The revolutionary curved design fits the natural shape of your face," the company said in a press release at the time.  1948

Starter credit cards, aimed at those who are new to credit, have been around since at least the 1970s ¡ª and they used to be much easier to qualify for.Card issuers once were able to lure young adults, particularly students, with a variety of incentives that federal regulations now prohibit under the Credit Card Act of 2009.¡°When you started college prior to the Card Act, you could get a Frisbee and a credit card at the same time, or a chance to win a computer and a credit card,¡± said Rod Griffin, senior director of public education and advocacy at Experian, a credit reporting agency.Credit card eligibility requirements are stiffer now, especially amid the COVID-19-related downturn, as banks tighten lending standards to mitigate risk. It all adds up to more obstacles for those seeking to start the clock on their credit history. About 20% of the U.S. adult population doesn¡¯t have a scorable credit file with the three major credit bureaus, according to a report by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.Still, qualifying for a starter card is not impossible, and more options exist today.Eligibility for starter credit cardsThe same CFPB report also notes that credit cards are the most common way to establish a credit file for all income levels and age groups.But age matters in terms of your eligibility for a starter card.IF YOU¡¯RE UNDER 21Applicants generally have to be 18 to apply for a credit card on their own. Applicants under 21 can only report independent personal income, including regular allowances. If you¡¯re a student, you may also report scholarships and grants.¡°I got the Discover student credit card on the first try,¡± said Karumi Narasaki, a 20-year-old student based in Indiana and creator of the YouTube channel Rumi¡¯s Life. When she applied for the card, she says she included part-time income from two jobs and school aid received to cover books, rent and food.IF YOU¡¯RE OVER 21Once you turn 21, income restrictions loosen slightly. You can include any income to which you have reasonable access, such as the income of a partner or a spouse, for instance. Income is still a necessary requirement to demonstrate your ability to make payments on borrowed amounts. Other requirements may also exist, depending on the card.If you can¡¯t meet the income requirement at any age, a co-signer could help you build credit with a credit card. You¡¯ll get your own credit card and account, but the co-signer assumes responsibility for the bill if you can¡¯t pay it. Not many issuers allow co-signers on credit card applications these days, but there are still some that do.Types of starter cardsThe ideal starter card should have no annual fee and report your payment history to the three major credit bureaus: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian. These bureaus compile the credit reports that form the basis of your credit scores.Creditors review your credit scores to determine the likelihood that you¡¯ll pay them back. A good FICO credit score of 690 or higher can make it easier to get an apartment, set up utilities and access better interest rates on credit cards or loans, for example.Starter card options may include:AUTHORIZED-USER CARDSCredit cards for authorized users are tied to a primary cardholder¡¯s account. You are issued a card with your name on it, but the primary cardholder is responsible for making the payments. If that person uses his or her credit card wisely, it could reflect well on your own credit history, but double-check with your issuer.¡°It¡¯s still recommended if you¡¯re going to become an authorized user that you ask the lender if they actually report the account for you,¡± Griffin said. ¡°If they don¡¯t, it¡¯s not going to help you build a credit history.¡±SECURED CARDSSecured credit cards are easier to qualify for because they require a cash deposit as collateral, reducing the risk to the issuer. The deposit amount usually determines your credit limit.With a good payment history, you eventually get your deposit back when you close the account or upgrade to a traditional ¡°unsecured¡± credit card with the same issuer.STUDENT CREDIT CARDSStudent credit cards may require enrollment at a college or university. They also may require that you have at least some existing credit history. You can find exceptions, though.Some student cards may even pack helpful, student-friendly features like waived late payment fees or incentives. Rewards on student cards are uncommon, but some options exist.¡°I also considered applying for a secured card initially, until I found out there¡¯s a Discover card,¡± Narasaki said. ¡°It had cash back, which is unlike any of the other cards that I looked up, so I thought it was a pretty beneficial card and it had a lot of perks.¡±ALTERNATIVE-UNDERWRITING CARDSAlternative-underwriting credit cards have joined the market in recent years with some game-changing approaches. Most of these cards don¡¯t charge a security deposit, and many can use factors other than the traditional FICO scoring model to assess your creditworthiness.If you don¡¯t have a credit history, issuers of these cards may instead look at your employment, income, spending or savings to determine your ability to pay. As a result, they may require government-issued documents, bank account information, employment verification requirements and other details as part of the application process.In some cases, you may not even need a Social Security number to apply, which is helpful for newcomers to the U.S. who have limited options.Starter card alternativesEven with more starter card options on the market, the eligibility requirements may still leave some applicants out. But credit cards aren¡¯t the only way to build a credit history. Some services make it possible to report certain bill payments to the credit bureaus to establish a credit file.For instance, rent-reporting services can record rent payments on credit reports for a fee. Experian Boost records cell phone and utility payments on Experian credit reports for free.You can also consider applying for a credit builder loan.More From NerdWalletIf Credit Card Relief¡¯s a No-Go, Check Out Debt ManagementFor Homeowners, Saving a Down Payment Is Only the Start6 Great Recession Money Lessons That Still Apply TodayMelissa Lambarena is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: mlambarena@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @LissaLambarena. 6346

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