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BEIJING, Oct. 18 (Xinhuanet) -- Some seaweeds can kill the reef-building corals around them by emitting anti-coral chemicals, a new study found.The study was published Monday in the online edition of the journal Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The researchers investigated the interactions between eight different species of seaweed and three species of coral growing in the waters nearby the Fiji Islands, and identified a class of anti-coral organic compounds known as terpenes.These chemicals, found on the surfaces of several species of seaweed, can kill the coral by suppressing its photosynthesis.The finding suggests that the living space competition with seaweeds could be a factor of the coral's worldwide decline.Plant-eating fish normally controls seaweed growth on coral reefs, but the populations of these consumers are declining by the overfishing, which eventually resulted in the seaweed's dominant position, according to the researchers.Despite overfishing, pollution and warming oceans are also the contributors to coral's worldwide decline, said Jennifer Smith, a marine ecologist at the University of California, San Diego.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

SANYA, Hainan, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- The five BRICS nations intend to focus and work together on developing alternative energy sources.When Bu Xiaolin, vice governor of China's coal-rich Inner Mongolia autonomous region, spoke over the weekend in front of hundreds of BRICS delegates on regional energy strategies, she mentioned little of the fossil fuels that have long contributed to the region's growth.Like many other speakers at the 1st BRICS Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum, which ran from Dec. 1-3 in Sanya, Hainan province, she devoted large part of her speech to discussing wind and solar energy."Facing the prospects of running out of fossil energy and the related environmental issues, developing new energy is an inevitable choice," said Bu.The forum at this seaside resort over the weekend attracted hundreds of local governors, scholars and business people from the BRICS nations -- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa -- to discuss city-to-city cooperation, and new energy was among the top agenda topics.Consensus had been reached at the forum that the five countries should strengthen dialogue and cooperation for provincial and local partnerships, including infrastructure, green economy and technology transfer."We are very willing to cooperate with BRICS countries on new energy innovations, promotion and market development," said Bu.According to Bu, Inner Mongolia has huge potential in new energy, with 380 million kilowatts of exploitable wind power resources, accounting for more than half of China's on-shore wind power resources.The region is aiming for a total installed capacity of 33 million kilowatts for wind power and one million kilowatts for solar power by the end of 2015, she added.At national level, the Chinese central government expects to bring the country's total wind power installed capacity up to 150 million kilowatts in the next five years, according to national development plans.Meanwhile, in Brazil, there is movement to replace fossil energy with new energy in daily use, said Jailson Lima Da Silva, State Representative of the National Union of State Legislatures of Brazil.The country is working to increase the nation's wind power capacity, and new energy is expected to account for 65 percent of the nation's total energy consumption, he said."Brazil is optimistic on wind power exploitation, which will be one of the major fields of future investment," he said.Silva expressed hopes to work with China on new energy, especially solar power and biomass energy. "Brazil has large potential in solar energy, while China is a leading producers of solar equipment," he said.According to Mlibo Qoboshiyane, a member of the Executive Council of Eastern Cape, South Africa, the African nation is also investing extensively in wind and solar energy.South Africa has just unveiled a 12-billion-U.S.-dollar program on renewable energy development, which would largely be spent on wind and solar power and reduce the use of traditional energies, said the official.It would be helpful to exchange technologies and valuable information between the BRICS countries to keep consumption of new energies sustainable and affordable, he said. 

BEIJING, Nov. 7 (Xinhuanet) -- A huge asteroid will pass closer to Earth than the moon on Tuesday, but experts say there is no cause for alarm.Asteroid 2005 YU 55 will pass about 300-thousand kilometers from the earth. The giant space rock is about 400 meters in diameter. The close encounter will occur at 23:28 Greenwich Mean Time. Computer models showing the asteroid’s path for the next 100 years show there is no chance it will hit Earth during that time.Previous studies show the asteroid is what is called a C-type asteroid that is likely made of carbon-based materials and some silicate rock.

LAS VEGAS, the United States, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- One of the most revolutionary changes for consumers that may come out of this year's International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) will not be the electronic devices themselves, but the way they are charged.Instead of using traditional cords to power mobile phones, kitchen appliances, and even vehicles, exhibits showcasing wireless power technologies offer a glimpse into the future of how individuals can charge their devices without a plug or cord.Fulton Innovation, who develops and licenses its eCoupled intelligent wireless technology, demonstrated how the technology could be applied across a variety of usage cases at home and at work.At CES, the company announced that it is releasing its next generation wireless power solutions that incorporate near-field resonant magnetic induction, allowing devices to charge without actually touching a charging surface.Additionally, it will allow power to transfer through metal surfaces, a property which had previously been unsafe to use as a surface conductor for power.While the products with integrated eCoupled capabilities currently in the marketplace focus predominantly on smartphone charging surfaces, in part due to the low-power demands of these devices, the company said there will be more applications using this technology expected to come to market in the near future.A large part of the added production scale on the consumer level is due to the standardization of the industry.In 2010, the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) announced the finalization of the "Qi" standard, enabling interoperability for wireless charging between a power-providing device and electronics receiving power.Currently, the Qi standard is only applicable for the wireless transmission of power up to five watts, and the WPC is undertaking steps to expand this standard to deliver up to 120 watts of power.This standardization enables technology designers like Fulton Innovations to create underlying IP designs and technologies that work across a number of OEMs.The WPC currently has over 100 member companies, including Fulton Innovation, Nokia, Samsung, Haier, and Huawei Technologies.Fulton Innovation also expects to add its eCoupled technology to cars, giving automobile manufacturers the ability to install integrated charging platforms for mobile devices without additional wires or cords.Chinese auto makers Geely, Chery, Chang'an, and Dongfeng were the first to showcase cars at a major auto show featuring Qi standard charging stations during the April 2011 Shanghai Auto Show.The WPC estimates that there will be approximately five auto manufacturers who will release cars with Qi-enabled charging capabilities either late this year or early next year.