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CANBERRA, April 1 (Xinhua) -- People who share bongs to smoke marijuana may be at risk of contracting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) , Australian medical researchers warned on Friday.Dr Michael Hayes and Dr Susan Miles from Calvary Mater Hospital in Newcastle of Australia conducted the research, which centered on three recent TB cases in New South Wales.TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be contracted by breathing in air droplets coughed from an infected person.The research suggested a link between active TB cases and shared bongs, which is the water pipes commonly used in marijuana smoking.According to Dr Hayes, the three young patients were regular or heavy cannabis users, and more recently there has been a fourth person in the region with similar characteristics had been diagnosed with TB.He said although the three initial cases were not related, there was concern about the high rate of positive contacts among people who had shared bongs with the active cases."Smoking marijuana is a cough-provoking activity and it is usually conducted in a confined environment that is conducive to the spread of the organism," he told Australia Associated Press.

WASHINGTON, April 19 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Tuesday set April 29 as the launch date for Endeavour's final voyage.The date was announced Tuesday at the conclusion of a flight readiness review at Kennedy Space Center. During the meeting, senior NASA and contractor managers assessed the risks associated with the mission and determined the shuttle and station's equipment, support systems and personnel are ready.Liftoff time is 3:47 p.m. EDT (1947 GMT). It will be the 134th shuttle mission overall, the 25th for Endeavour and the 36th shuttle mission to the International Space Station.Endeavour will deliver to the station a 2-billion-dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.Space shuttle Endeavour sits on launch pad 39A with the crew aboard minutes before mission managers scrubbed the launch again at Cape Canaveral, Florida, July 13, 2009.The spectrometer, also designated AMS-02, is a particle physics experiment module that is to be mounted on the station. It is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments will help researchers study the formation of the Universe and search for evidence of dark matter and antimatter.Endeavour's two-week mission was led by Commander Mark Kelly. Other crew include Pilot Greg Johnson, NASA Mission Specialists Michael Fincke, Andrew Feustel and Greg Chamitoff and European Space Agency Mission Specialist Roberto Vittori. Astronauts are planning to step out on four spacewalks to do maintenance work and install new components.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending this year due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.Shuttle Atlantis is set for its final journey into space at the end of June. Its return to earth will mark the official end of the U.S. space shuttle program. After that, the Russian space program' s Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

SANAA, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- In response to earlier reports that a Chinese-flagged commercial ship was hijacked by Somali pirates off Yemeni coast, the China Maritime Search and Rescue Center (MSA) said Sunday that the ship has never been hijacked, and is now sailing safely with escort of the Chinese anti-piracy navy fleet.Both the "Tien Hau" ship, which was registered in Hong Kong, China, and its 22-member crew, are safe, a MSA official confirmed to Xinhua over the phone. The center contacted the ship to make sure it was safe, he added.The ship had been followed by a suspicious boat for a while, but it was never attacked or hijacked, the official said.Earlier, Yemeni Interior Ministry had said the ship was hijacked by pirates some 20 kilometers off the Yemeni island of Al-Tair off the city port of al-Hudaida, and was heading to Somali coast.The Gulf of Aden is considered as one of the world's most dangerous waters because of rampant piracy.

LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- A NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft equipped with a synthetic aperture radar is scheduled to depart Sunday, April 3 on a nine-day mission to image Hawaii volcanoes, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Friday.The aircraft will fly from the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, California to the Big Island of Hawaii to study the Kilauea volcano that recently erupted, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The mission will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface, JPL said.Developed by JPL, the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, uses a technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar that sends pulses of microwave energy from the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and glacier movements.As the Gulfstream-III flies at an altitude of about 12,500 meters, the radar, located in a pod under the aircraft's belly, will collect data over Kilauea, according to JPL.The UAVSAR's first data acquisitions over this volcanic region took place in January 2010, when the radar flew over the volcano daily for a week. The UAVSAR detected deflation of Kilauea's caldera over one day, part of a series of deflation-inflation events observed at Kilauea as magma is pumped into the volcano's east rift zone.This month's flights will repeat the 2010 flight paths to an accuracy of within 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, assisted by a Platform Precision Autopilot designed by engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California, JPL said.By comparing these camera-like images, interferograms are formed that reveal changes in Earth's surface, said JPL.Between March 5 and 11, 2011, a spectacular fissure eruption occurred along the east rift zone. Satellite radar imagery captured the progression of this volcanic event."The April 2011 UAVSAR flights will capture the March 2011 fissure eruption surface displacements at high resolution and from multiple viewing directions, giving us an improved resolution of the magma injected into the east rift zone that caused the eruption," said JPL research scientist Paul Lundgren."Our goal is to be able to deploy the UAVSAR on short notice to better understand and aid in responding to hazards from Kilauea and other volcanoes in the Pacific region covered by this study," Lundgren added.