衡阳足骨模型(巢湖开放式妇产科多媒体教学系统) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations dropped 29.5 percent nationally over the past decade, according to a study by Yale physicians to be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The risk-adjusted rate of heart failure hospitalization fell from 2,845 to 2,007 per 100,000 person-years from 1998 to 2008 in a fee-for-service Medicare claims analysis by Dr. Jersey Chen of Yale University and colleagues.The team also found that the rate of hospitalization for black men dropped at a lower rate, and that one-year mortality rates declined slightly during that period, but remained high.HF imposes one of the highest disease burdens of any medical condition in the United States and the risk increases with age. As a result, HF ranks as the most frequent cause of hospitalization and re-hospitalization among senior Americans. HF is also one of the most resource-intensive conditions, with direct and indirect costs in the United States estimated at 39.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2010.The study showed that the HF hospitalization rates varied significantly from state to state. The decline in the hospitalization rate from 1998 to 2008 was significantly higher than the national average in 16 states and significantly lower in three states (Wyoming, Rhode Island and Connecticut).Chen and his team also found that risk-adjusted one-year mortality decreased from 31.7 percent to 29.6 percent between 1999 and 2008, a relative decline of 6.6 percent, with substantial variation in different states."Because of the substantial decline in HF hospitalizations, compared to the rate of 1998, there were an estimated 229,000 fewer HF hospitalizations in 2008," said Chen in a statement, adding that with a mean HF hospitalization cost of 18,000 dollars in 2008, this decline represents a savings of 4.1 billion dollars in fee-for-service Medicare."The overall decline in the heart failure hospitalization rate was mainly due to fewer individual patients being hospitalized with heart failure rather than a reduction in the frequency of repeat hospitalizations," said Chen.

BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- China is faced with severe challenges in collecting enough blood plasma to produce medicines, Health Minister Chen Zhu said Sunday.Chen called on the public to join blood donation after donating blood plasma at the Beijing Red Cross Blood Center on Sunday, the fifth time since he took office in 2007.Blood plasma is needed to make blood products like prothrombin complex which is vital for hemophiliacs.The total volume of blood plasma collected last year was 4,180 tonnes, while the volume needed to produce enough medicines was 8,000 tonnes, said a statement from the ministry. The situation became even worse this year.Donations of blood plasma in China fell dramatically in recent years, as a result of safety concerns from donors and the government's efforts to regulate blood collection after contamination triggered HIV infection scandals.In an overhaul of plasma collection services in 2004, the ministry closed 262 donation centers, leaving only 138 in operation, resulting in the plasma donations falling at least one-third from 5,000 tonnes in 2003.Blood plasma are currently collected at 144 designed stations across the mainland. The stations, as requested by law, are all owned by major manufacturers of blood products.Chen promised to encourage qualified drug makers to set up more collection stations in the next five years.He also assured the public the safety of blood donation at authorized stations.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- Apple has unveiled a worldwide replacement program for the first-generation iPod nano music player due to overheating battery issues, telling owners to stop using the product and get it replaced for free."Apple has determined that, in very rare cases, the battery in the iPod nano (1st generation) may overheat and pose a safety risk. Affected iPod nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006," said Apple in a notice posted late Friday on the support section of its official website.The company said the issue has been traced to a single battery supplier that produced batteries with a manufacturing defect. Since the product is five or six years old now, the likelihood of an incident increases.Owners of iPod nano can check the serial number on the back of the product to see if it is eligible for replacement. Apple promises a replacement unit about six weeks after the company received the affected one.The overheating battery issues of the first generation iPod nano have been known for years. In 2008, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry launched an investigation into Apple after dozens of iPod overheating cases were reported, including several incidents of iPod nanos toasting to the point of catching fire and causing minor burns to owners.Last August, a commuter train in Tokyo was delayed during rush hour when passengers complained of a strong burning smell from an overheating iPod nano that had burst apart.The portable music player also cost Apple a 22.5 million-U.S. dollar settlement in 2009 when a class action lawsuit in California alleged iPod nano is prone to scratches and its alleged defects were not disclosed by the company.

CANBERRA, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Scientists from Australia's University of New England on Friday said they had discovered the remarkably fossil isa metre-long arthropod with excellent vision called anomalocaris from Emu Bay Shale of South Australia.The scientists reported their finding on the anomalocaris in thescience journal Nature this week.It is reported that anomalocaris is a fearsome ancient predator that swam in the Cambrian oceans 500 million years ago. The researchers said the presence of anomalocaris would have driven the development of protective adaptations in prey animals. Such an escalatory 'arms race' would have seen, for instance, the evolution of such adaptations in prey as shells, camouflage and burrowing into sediments. "It has been unbelievably frustrating being able to see eyes like these at fossil sites like the Burgess Shale (in the Canadian Rocky Mountains), but not have any details. It is really refreshing to have our ideas about these animals confirmed at last, " comments Simon Conway Morris, a palaeontologist at the University of Cambridge, the United Kingdom.The research team was led by paleontologist Dr John Paterson, of the University of New England. He said the most surprising discovery of anomalocaris is the huge number of tiny hardened lenses in each eyes."When you consider that a modern housefly, for example, has about 3000 lenses, it's pretty impressive that an animal half a billion years old already has remarkable vision like this," Paterson said in statement."The fact that each eye in anomalocaris would have had over 16, 000 lenses means it would have very, very good resolution."Paterson said the acute vision of Anomalocaris gave it a distinct advantage over competing predators and prey, as many Cambrian animals either had poor vision or were completely blind. Its acute vision rivals or exceeds that of most living insects and was probably comparable to predatory dragonflies today.He said their findings support the idea that compound eyes evolved very early on in arthropod evolution, before the evolution of jointed legs or hardened exoskeletons.The research team hopes they can find the more fossil remains of Cambrian creatures in the Emu Bay Shale.

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin's official goodwill visit to Greece, the Netherlands and Germany has deepened the friendship, promoted cooperation and enhanced understanding between China and the three nations, a Chinese official says.The visit was important in further deepening the friendship and mutual trust, promoting pragmatic cooperation and pushing forward the healthy development of relations between China and Europe, said Wang Shenghong, vice secretary general of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).Jia, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, had in-depth exchanges of views and reached broad consensus with government and parliament leaders of the three countries on issues related to bilateral ties and international and regional issues of common interest, said Wang, who accompanied Jia on the tour from Oct. 23 to Nov. 4.Jia Qinglin (R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, meets with Greek President Karolos Papoulias in Athens, Greece, on Oct. 24, 2011.During his visits, Jia also witnessed the signing of 15 inter-governmental agreements and commercial contracts, had extensive contact with people from different walks of life and visited some big-name companies.STRENGTHEN POLITICAL MUTUAL TRUST AND BUILD UP BILATERAL TIESDuring meetings and talks with leaders of the three countries, Jia expressed China's readiness to maintain the high-level exchanges of visits, build up political mutual trust, advance pragmatic cooperation, promote people-to-people and cultural exchanges and strengthen coordination in international affairs, Wang said.Jia said China is ready to work with the three nations to further advance bilateral ties and China-European Union (EU) relations.Greece's government and parliament leaders thanked China for its precious support at a time when Greece is being badly hurt by the financial crisis. Dutch leaders expressed their willingness to strengthen dialogue and cooperation with China in their joint response to the Europe debt crisis and other challenges. And German leaders praised China's positive role in overcoming the effects of the international financial crisis and stabilizing the world economy, Wang said.

来源：资阳报