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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

BEIJING, May 24 (Xinhuanet) -- Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg welcomed more kids to join in the social network site, according to International Business Times reports on Monday.He made this comment in the NewSchools Summit in California.Zuckerberg said Facebood can help young kids to learn from each other and acquire more knowledge about using the internet."That will be a fight we take on at some point," Zuckerberg said, "My philosophy is that for education you need to start at a really, really young age." At the moment, Facebook officially does not allow the children younger than 13 to sign up, since the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) forbids children under 13 from joining an online service which collects user information data.However it recently revealed that 7.5 million Facebook users were younger than that, accoding to a study released last week by Consumer Reports.Some experts suggested Facebook may not be in any position to provide that education in its current form. "The lessons of digital citizenship have to start young, but I don't feel that Facebook is the venue to have those lessons occur. A lot of missteps happen on that site without a lot of coaching." said Dr. Gwenn O'Keeffe, an expert on young children's education.

LOS ANGELES, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Law enforcement agencies are now using smart phones to track and arrest graffiti vandals in Los Angeles, a newspaper report said on Saturday.The graffiti-tracking program, spearheaded by the Tracking and Automated Graffiti Removal System, or TAGRS, allows graffiti- cleaning crews equipped with smart phones to photograph the markings and upload them to a Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) database, the Los Angeles Times said.The photos are used to gather evidence for prosecution and restitution, the paper quoted city officials as saying.Once the graffiti suspects' identities are discovered, the information is added to the TAGRS database and may eventually uncover incidents involving the same suspects, the paper said.The LAPD launched a pilot project in 2009 in Van Nuys near Los Angeles, modeling its version on one run by the Orange County Sheriff's Department, according to the report.The program is now anchored at four LAPD stations, Van Nuys, Hollenbeck, Central and Harbor, said Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's spokeswoman Casey Hernandez.Los Angeles spends about 10 million dollars a year cleaning up graffiti, Hernandez said.

BEIJING, May 20 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have discovered a Jupiter-sized exoplanet that is completely unbound from a host star, according the scientific journal "Nature" published Thursday.The research was conducted by astrophysicists from Osaka University in Japan.Using the technique called "gravitational microlensing", scientists turned their telescopes towards the centre of the Milky Way and detected this "lonely planet" moving in a extremely large orbit, which suggested it does not connect to any solar system.Then they estimated the total number of such wondering planets could be as many as 400 billion, based on the detection efficiency. This number far outnumbers the main-sequence stars such as our Sun."This is an amazing result, and if it is right, the implications for planet formation are profound," says astronomer Debra Fischer at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.And scientist began to consider the possibility that liquid water could exist on this kind of unbound planets. "That might be an attractive possibility for life," said David Stevenson, a planetary scientist at the California Institute of Technology.