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SAN FRANCISCO, March 30 (Xinhua) -- History records showed it was not often that large earthquakes caused immediate large volcano eruptions, a geophysicist told Xinhua on Wednesday while talking about whether the recent massive quake in Japan could trigger volcano eruptions.Inevitably, the shaking and changes in the state of stress in the crust could cause some changes in some of active volcanoes closest to the March 11 quake zone in Japan, said Dr. Jian Lin, senior scientist and geophysicist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in the United States.However, only if a particular volcano was already in a stage of magmatic inflation, a situation close to eruption, would the shaking make a major difference, he noted.Lin is currently visiting the U.S. Geological Survey's earthquake research center in Menlo Park, California to study the March 11 Japan earthquake.Compared with the cases that earthquake triggered volcano eruptions in the past, Lin said, most of active volcanoes in Japan are located somewhat farther away from the March 11 earthquake rupture zones. "The farther away, the less direct effect," he noted.Therefore, "the most important thing is to closely monitor all the active volcanoes in Japan," he said.There are only two well-documented cases of significant volcano eruptions that were apparently triggered by large earthquakes, he said.On Nov. 29, 1975, the Kilauea Volcano in the Hawaiian Islands had a small and short-lived eruption immediately after a magnitude- 7.2 quake hit the Big Island of Hawaii near the volcano, which was probably the best scientifically documented case so far of a volcano eruption triggered by a large earthquake.Records showed that the Kilauea Volvano was already in a stage of inflation before the quake. Meanwhile, the quake was right next to the volcano, which triggered the following eruption.Another case is 1960 Chile earthquake-volcano pair, in which a magnitude-9.5 earthquake, the largest ever recorded by instruments, could have triggered the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Volcanic Complex ( PCCVC) into a violent eruption within 38 hours. The CCVC had been inactive for 25 years before the quake.Lin pointed out that like the Kilauea case, the earthquake rupture zone in the Chilean quake was again quite close to the volcanic group. However, little scientific monitoring data had been got for the PCCVC before its eruption as it is in a remote area in Chile.In recent years, scientists have observed that large earthquakes from long distance could trigger swarms of small earthquakes in active hydrothermal systems of volcanic regions, he said, noting that "these small earthquake swarms like these are not the same as volcano eruption."Lin added that the relationship between large volcano eruption and large earthquakes is still a poorly studied subject since scientific record is very short and many of large eruptions in the geological history were poorly documented."Therefore, we still know quite little about this subject," he said.

SINGAPORE, April 21 (Xinhua) -- Singapore's first locally-built satellite has been officially launched from a space center in India after a four-year delay, Singapore media reported on Thursday.The 105 kg fridge-size X-Sat was one of three riding on Isro's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C16) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in India on Wednesday. It will be used to take photographs to measure soil erosion and environmental changes on earth, local daily Straits Times said.The launch at 12:42 p.m. on Wednesday was the 18th successful lift-off since the maiden flight of PSLV in 1994.The satellite was designed and built by Singapore's Nanyang Technological University and Singapore's defense research body DSO National Laboratories.Now in orbit, the satellite is establishing communication contact with the ground control in Nanyang Technological University, a process that is likely to take up to a week.The launch capped more than nine years of hard work by scientists and engineers. It also makes Singapore one of the first countries in Southeast Asia to have its own satellite in space. Previous satellite launched by Singapore involved construction efforts by foreign companies.

LIMA, May 5 (Xinhua) -- A total of 53.5 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean suffer from hunger or malnutrition, experts said at an international forum here Thursday.Juan Garcia, coordinator of the 5th work-group meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Initiative Without Hunger, said the figure has not increased since 1990.Experts and officials from 13 countries gathered to discuss the challenges facing regional food security and advances that have been made, hoping to make cooperative efforts to eradicate hunger and malnutrition by the year 2025.Carcia said people affected most across the continent are still those living in rural areas as well as African descendants and indigenous people who suffer from "exclusion and inequality."The main cause of undernutrition is not lack of food-production capacity, but access to food, Carcia said.Six countries, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, have approved food security laws with nine more in the process of doing so. The laws are considered as a way to ensure that local agricultural products are primarily used to feed the countries' own populations and not used for export.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has just ended his four-day landmark visit to the United States.During the visit, both sides agreed to build a China-U.S. cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, which is to lead the development of bilateral ties in the future.It is widely believed that, in the new era, China and the United States need to enhance their political and economic relations, as well as boost cooperation in regional and international affairs.In order to achieve that, observers from across the world hold that the key lies in common actions.BLUEPRINT FOR BILATERAL RELATIONSReiterating their commitment to developing a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S. relationship as they agreed in 2009, Chinese and U.S. leaders also vowed to build "a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit", during Hu's visit to Washington.The two terms showed a kind of progress which represented the increasing common interests and mutual need of the two sides over the recent period, as well as more and more challenges that required the joint efforts of the largest developed and developing countries, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai said.Yuan Peng, director of the America Studies of China Institute for Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), said the new expression of bilateral ties was positive, objective and pragmatic.As the deepening and development of the previous expression, the new term was a highlight of President Hu's U.S. visit, Yuan said.The joint statement issued by both sides during Hu's stay, which is built upon bilateral efforts to establish the cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, is a clear reflection of the two countries' resolution and pragmatic attitude in jointly meeting global challenges, according to Chen Kang, professor at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.In a nutshell, every word matters in the new expression.As "mutual respect" urges both China and the United States to respect each other's core interests and path of development, "mutual benefit" means that both countries are expected to achieve a win-win situation rather than a win-lose one, and bring about common prosperity."Partnership," meanwhile, shows that the two powers, instead of being rivals, are closely linked with each other in actions to cope with regional and international issues.Fu Mengzi, a researcher with the Beijing-based CICIR, told Xinhua, while every country attached great importance to their own national interest, their respective interests were neither unilateral nor absolute."When seeking its own interest, a country should meanwhile take into consideration the interest and major concerns of other countries," Fu said, adding that only by so doing could a win-win result rather than a zero-sum relationship be achieved.