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WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Using integrated radar observations from a consortium of international satellites, NASA-funded researchers have created the first complete map of the speed and direction of ice flow in Antarctica, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Thursday.The map, which shows glaciers flowing thousands of miles from the continent's deep interior to its coast, will be critical for tracking future sea-level increases from climate change."This is like seeing a map of all the oceans' currents for the first time. It's a game changer for glaciology," said Eric Rignot of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California (UC), Irvine. Rignot is lead author of a paper about the ice flow published online Thursday in Science Express. "We are seeing amazing flows from the heart of the continent that had never been described before."Rignot and UC Irvine scientists used billions of data points captured by European, Japanese and Canadian satellites to weed out cloud cover, solar glare and land features masking the glaciers. With the aid of NASA technology, the team painstakingly pieced together the shape and velocity of glacial formations, including the previously uncharted East Antarctica, which comprises 77 percent of the continent.Like viewing a completed jigsaw puzzle, the scientists were surprised when they stood back and took in the full picture. They discovered a new ridge splitting the 5.4-million-square-mile landmass from east to west.The team also found unnamed formations moving up to 800 feet annually across immense plains sloping toward the Antarctic Ocean and in a different manner than past models of ice migration."The map points out something fundamentally new: that ice moves by slipping along the ground it rests on," said Thomas Wagner, NASA's cryospheric program scientist in Washington. "That's critical knowledge for predicting future sea level rise. It means that if we lose ice at the coasts from the warming ocean, we open the tap to massive amounts of ice in the interior."

NEW YORK, July 15 (Xinhua) -- A Gallup survey released on Friday found a total of 59 percent of Americans support a ban on smoking in all public places.The July 7-10 survey among 1,016 national adults showed a change in the public's attitude toward public smoking ban. In 2001, when Gallup first asked about a ban on public smoking, 39 percent were in favor, an attitude that stayed roughly the same through 2007.At the same time, the poll also found that fewer than two in 10 people supported the idea of making smoking totally illegal.According to the American Lung Association, 27 states plus the District of Columbia have passed comprehensive smoke-free laws. A New York City law bans smoking in virtually all public places, including outdoor plazas and beaches.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 3 (Xinhua)-- Google's top legal officer on Wednesday posted a scathing blog post, accusing Microsoft, Apple, Oracle and other companies of waging "bogus" patent wars over smartphone technologies.More than 550,000 Android devices are activated daily, but the success of the mobile operating system has yielded "a hostile, organized campaign against Android by Microsoft, Oracle, Apple and other companies, waged through bogus patent," said Google Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond."Microsoft and Apple have always been at each other's throats, so when they get into bed together you have to start wondering what's going on," wrote Drummond at the beginning of the blog post under the heading "When patents attack Android."The top legal officer lashed out the coalition that Apple and Microsoft formed to buy Novell patents and Nortel patents.Last month, Google was outbid by the 4.5 billion bid made by the winning consortium of companies that includes Apple, Microsoft, Research in Motion, Sony, Ericsson and EMC on Canadian company Nortel Network's patent portfolio.The Nortel portfolio, which is in all of the companies'best legal interests, includes patents on 3G and 4G wireless networking, optics, voice processing, semiconductors and more.Last December, an unnamed consortium of companies, organized by Microsoft and including Apple, EMC and Oracle, also outbid Google for nearly 900 patents of software company Novell.Patent litigation between technology companies have been flaring up particularly over mobile devices and technology.Last August, Oracle accused Google of infringing on patents related to Java, which the database giant acquired when it took ownership of Sun Microsystems in early 2010.Microsoft is suing device makers who use Android, including Barnes & Noble, Motorola and HTC.Drummond wrote that "We're also looking at other ways to reduce the anti-competitive threats against Android by strengthening our own patent portfolio. Unless we act, consumers could face rising costs for Android devices -- and fewer choices for their next phone."

MOSCOW, June 27 (Xinhua) -- Russia successfully launched a Cosmos class military satellite on Monday, said spokesman of the Russian Space Forces Alexei Zolotukhin.A Soyuz-U carrier rocket carrying the military satellite blasted off from the Plesetsk Plesetsk space center in northern Russia at 20:00 Moscow time (1600 GMT), Zolotukhin said."The rocket put the Cosmos series military satellite into the designated orbit at 20:08 Moscow time (1608 GMT)," he added.The spokesman also said the launch of the Soyuz-U carrier rocket "was the first time for this type of rockets" in this year.The launch carried out by a team from the Russian Space Forces was supervised by Space Forces Commander Oleg Ostapenko.The satellite, Cosmos-2472, is a new member to a Russian network of about 60-70 military reconnaissance satellites.

LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

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