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Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464

This election season, Demetrius Short is hustling to get his people to the polls.“We have the wonderful opportunity as African American men to be here today,” Short said to a group of young African American voters outside a polling site in Nashville, Tennessee. “The next John Lewis might be right here.”Short is the founder and CEO of the Transformation Life Center and Steps of Success 5K, nonprofits mentoring youth living in underserved communities. Now, Short and his team are using physical fitness to inspire political change by leading young Black men on runs and talking about becoming better people afterwards.“Going out, taking your niece and nephew that may not have a father, being that father or mother example to them and just be the change you want to see,” Short said.During this presidential election, Short is reaching out to college students from Fisk University, a private historically Black college in Nashville.“We’re here to come out here and inspire change in our community and inspire young people to really vote,” said Myles Harris, a recent Fisk University graduate.Harris says he is motivated to get more members of African American communities to have their voices heard and their votes counted.“A lot of people don’t vote because they don’t see the point, they don’t understand why it’s so important,” he said.Many members in the local African American community do understand the importance of this election and are calling this political movement inspiring.“Us Black folks are still fighting. It’s time for a change, man,” said Norman T. Wilson. “So, it’s good that they are trying to get them to vote. votes matter, whoever they vote for.”According to the Pew Research Center, the Black voter turnout rate declined in 2016, falling to 59.6% after reaching a record-high 66.6% in 2012.That’s a trend Short wants to change, not by swaying young people’s votes, but through politics, one step and one vote at a time“We don’t have to riot. We don’t have to do it the bad way,” he said. “We can go to the polls and we can do it the democratic way. The way that our country, I believe our country was set up to do." 2151

Tim Hortons is offering up a safe alternative to trick-or-treat this year amid the coronavirus pandemic.The fast-food chain said in a press release that customers can trick-or-treat in the drive-thru this Halloween.If you wear a costume, you'll receive a free Halloween donut, the company said.The Canadian doughnut chain says the donut is covered with chocolate fondant and topped with orange sprinkles.If you don't feel like wearing a costume, you can purchase the specialty treat for 99 cents.Tim Hortons says the limited-time offer is only available at its U.S. locations. 584

Those looking to make a smaller carbon footprint when they eat out or order food have a new option. Panera announced this week they will label items on their menu that have a low impact on the climate as “Cool Food Meals.”Panera is partnering with the World Resources Institute to identify climate-friendly entrees, with a low impact on the climate. The company says about 55 percent of their entrees have the “Cool Food Meal” designation.“At Panera, we are passionate about keeping the customer at the heart of everything we do, and that includes giving our guests choices to lower their impact on climate change through the food they eat in our bakery-cafes,” said Niren Chaudhary, Chief Executive Officer, Panera Bread in a press release. “Understanding the impact of what we eat on the environment is one way we can all take a small step toward combating climate change.”The World Resources Institute says they recommend Americans try for 3.59 kg CO2e at breakfast, and about 5.38 kg CO2e for lunch or dinner.These benchmarks represent a roughly 38 percent decrease from current averages, which will help the country meet environmental standards established in the Paris Agreement on climate change.In general, plant-based foods have a lower impact on the environment than meat or daily products. However, it’s also about moderation.The WRI looks at entree ingredients to determine its carbon footprint accounting for emissions during the agricultural supply chains and land used to produce the meal.Some of the items that get the new designation include Panera’s broccoli cheddar soup, Fuji apple chicken salad, and Mediterranean bowl.Roughly 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions are from agriculture and related deforestation, according to WRI. 1760

Tide laundry detergent will soon be shipped in a shoe box, part of its parent company Procter & Gamble's push to adapt to online deliveries.P&G rolled out the new "Tide Eco-Box" on Friday. It features a twist-to-open pour for the detergent, a pull-out stand, and a measuring cup. The liquid formula, which contains less water than normal Tide, comes in a sealed bag.The version uses 60 percent less plastic than shipping an equivalent 150-ounce bottle of Tide since it doesn't require additional layers of cardboard boxing or bubble wrap. It's lighter and takes up less space in a delivery truck—saving P&G money on shipping costs."Its size is perfect for the e-commerce supply chain," said David Luttenberger, global packaging director at market research firm Mintel. "It's an easy package for nearly any consumer to pick it up, manipulate the opening features, and dispense from."Tide Eco-Box will join Tide's lineup on Amazon (AMZN), Walmart's website (WMT) and other P&G (PG) retail partners' sites starting in January. 1047