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BEIJING, Sept. 4 (Xinhua) -- Officials and delegations from China and African countries have gathered at a seminar being held in Beijing to discuss rural development and economic growth.The seven-day seminar kicked off on Sunday, attracting representatives from China and 11 African countries to exchange views and experiences related to the seminar's theme of "agriculture and rural development."Justin Lin Yifu, chief economist and senior vice president of the World Bank, said at the seminar's opening ceremony that African countries should take cues from China's experience in creating a series of policies to bolster agricultural and rural development, as these policies have also facilitated the country's economic growth.Hu Jinglin, assistant to China's Minister of Finance, said improved agricultural cooperation between China and Africa will help enhance global grain security.China has worked on 142 cooperative agricultural projects with 14 African countries to date. In addition, it has sent 104 agricultural experts to 33 African countries to train more than 4,200 local agricultural technicians.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- A new study has identified the recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella that has a high level resistance to ciprofloxacin, a common treatment for severe Salmonella infections. The study was published on-line Tuesday in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.Francois-Xavier Weill at the Pasteur Institute in France and colleagues studied information from national surveillance systems in France, England and Wales, Denmark, and the United States. The data showed that a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella, known as S. Kentucky, infected 489 patients in France, England and Wales, and Denmark between 2000 and 2008. In addition, researchers reported that the first infections were acquired mainly in Egypt between 2002 and 2005, while since 2006 the infections have also been acquired in various parts of Africa and the Middle East. The absence of reported international travel in approximately 10 percent of the patients suggests that infections may have also occurred in Europe through consumption of contaminated imported foods or through secondary contaminations.In this study, multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky was isolated from chickens and turkeys from Ethiopia, Morocco, and Nigeria, suggesting that poultry is an important agent for infection. The common use of fluoroquinolones in chicken and turkey production in Nigeria and Morocco may have contributed to this rapid spread, according to the researchers.This study highlights the importance of public health surveillance in a global food system. The investigators reported that they will continue to monitor this multidrug-resistant strain as well as help strengthen the capacities of national and regional laboratories in the surveillance of Salmonella and other major foodborne pathogens through the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network.Salmonella infection represents a major public health problem worldwide. An estimated 1.7 million such infections occur in North America each year. More than 1.6 million cases were reported between 1999 and 2008 in 27 European countries. Although most Salmonella infections produce only mild gastroenteritis, elderly and immunocompromised patients are especially at risk for life- threatening infections. These cases are typically treated with antimicrobials called fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 12 (Xinhua) -- NASA announced Friday the creation of a new directorate that will focus on both the International Space Station operations and human exploration beyond low earth orbit.The Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate combines the Space Operations and Exploration Systems mission directorates. While the transition and personnel assignments will take several weeks to finalize, the directorate already is supporting space station operations. It also will manage commercial crew and cargo developmental programs; construction of the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle, a spacecraft designed to travel beyond low Earth orbit; development of a new heavy lift rocket, known as the Space Launch System; and other programs within the directorates."America is opening a bold new chapter in human space exploration," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "By combining the resources of Space Operations and Exploration Systems, and creating the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, we are recommitting ourselves to American leadership in space for years to come."Associate Administrator Bill Gerstenmaier will head the new organization. He previously served as the associate administrator for Space Operations.

BONN, Germany, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The latest United Nations (UN) climate talks ended here on Friday with no surprise -- some " technical issues" saw some progress, as delegates usually said, while major disagreements remained.The two-week UN climate negotiations have made "clear advances" on such issues as extending carbon trading mechanisms, climate fund management and slowing deforestation, Christiana Figueres, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) executive secretary, said at a closing press conference.Figueres said delegates from 183 countries stepped forward with a technology mechanism to boost global green technology sharing. The mechanism will include a Climate Technology Center and Network to establish a worldwide clean technology stakeholder community.As for the implementation of a comprehensive package of the Cancun summit last year, this Bonn session has "paved the way" for progress at the next UN ministerial-level climate conference, which is to be held in Durban, South Africa from Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, Figueres said."Strong convergence has emerged on how the Adaptation Committee will be governed, what its composition will be and what its specific role will be," she said. "This progress means that the Committee could be fully operationalized at Durban."The UN climate chief stressed that governments, business circles and civil society cannot solve issues related to climate change "in one meeting," and climate talks are "the most important " negotiations the world has ever seen."The Bonn meeting is practical, focusing on concrete issues. In general, the negotiating process is moving forward step by step and on the right track," Su Wei, China's chief negotiator, told Xinhua on Friday."Despite setbacks and reversals, parties are taking climate change seriously and are willing to promote the negotiations under the Bali Roadmap," he said. "In the past two weeks, contact groups are busy making informal consultations on various topics.""Admittedly, in some key areas, there is a gap among parties," Su said.During the meeting, many delegates and observers have complained that the pace of negotiation was unbearably slow, especially against the backdrop of a new warning from the International Energy Agency, which said the global energy-related carbon emissions rose to a record high in 2010 despite decade-long efforts on curbs.Experts said one of the main hurdles in current talks was still the old topic -- the fate of the Kyoto Protocol, the sole legally- binding pact on industrial countries' emission cuts set to expire at the end of 2012.The protocol, which binds 37 rich countries, has been crippled since Cancun, as Japan, Canada and Russia have clearly stated they would not extend the pact's second commitment period after 2012.The United States, which never ratified the treaty, said it would not accept any legal deal unless other major economies have similar emission constraints.The European Union (EU), the last major bloc that is open to the renewing of the Kyoto Protocol, said its supportive attitude should not be taken for granted. The EU said it would not unilaterally step up efforts on combating climate change if other nations are not willing to do the same.Meanwhile, developing countries insisted that the updating of the Kyoto Protocol remains "the very core issue" of current talks, asking rich nations to shoulder their historical responsibilities and preserve the pact as a major legally-binding instrument to tackle climate change.The Group of 77 and China, representing over 130 developing nations, have said that the renewal of the Protocol should be the priority for Durban.On Friday, Figueres said that "resolving the future of the Kyoto Protocol is an essential task this year and will require high-level political guidance.""By Durban, governments need to come forward with options that will be acceptable to all parties," she said, adding that high- level contacts are necessary to break the ice.She told reporters that environment ministers are due to meet in Berlin from July 3 to 4, known as a continuation of last year's ministerial-level informal talks held in the town of Petersburg near Bonn. Moreover, world leaders are due to discuss climate change on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in September.Before the Durban summit, delegates have agreed to hold an additional round of climate talks in late September or early October, Figueres revealed.

BEIJING, June 26 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday issued a regulation on drug rehabilitation that encourages drug users to voluntarily undergo rehabilitation programs.The regulation took effect Sunday as a supplement of the country's anti-drug law that was implemented three years ago.Drug users who voluntarily receive intervention programs "will be exempt from punishment," said the regulation, promulgated on the 24th International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, which falls on Sunday.With seven chapters and 46 articles, it also stipulates the rights and obligations of drug addicts, as well as supporting measures for voluntary, community-based, and government-ordered drug rehabilitation.Up to date, more than two million Chinese have been receiving compulsive rehabilitation or treatment, statistics show. However, many of them find it difficult to completely give up the addiction.The regulation, aiming to explore effective ways to curb drug use, calls for boosting "the role of communities and families" in helping reduce drug users' dependency on narcotics.It asks rehabilitation centers to provide addicts with consulting services and education on the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other contagious diseases.Efforts should be made to "boost pharmaceutical management" so as to prevent loss or abuse of psychotropic substances and narcotics, the regulation says.The regulation also stipulates on the protection of drug addicts' personal information, saying "members of the police, judiciary and health departments who cause the leak of personal information must be punished."The regulation has solicited public comments before it was released.Transnational drug trafficking remains rampant in China, particularly in southwestern border regions of Yunnan and Guangxi.A report issued last month by China's National Narcotics Control Commission said authorities investigated 89,000 drug-related crimes and arrested 101,000 suspects last year.Law enforcers confiscated 5.3 metric tonnes of heroin and one metric tonne of opium in 2010, the report said, adding that intervention programs were used to treat and rehabilitate some 175,000 drug addicts last year.