安徽仿真下颌骨解剖(吉林高级婴儿头部综合静脉穿刺模型) (今日更新中)

Who gets to be first in line for a COVID-19 vaccine? U.S. health authorities hope by late next month to have some draft guidance on how to ration initial doses, but it’s a vexing decision.“Not everybody’s going to like the answer,” Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, recently told one of the advisory groups the government asked to help decide. “There will be many people who feel that they should have been at the top of the list.”Traditionally, first in line for a scarce vaccine are health workers and the people most vulnerable to the targeted infection.But Collins tossed new ideas into the mix: Consider geography and give priority to people where an outbreak is hitting hardest.And don’t forget volunteers in the final stage of vaccine testing who get dummy shots, the comparison group needed to tell if the real shots truly work.“We owe them ... some special priority,” Collins said.Huge studies this summer aim to prove which of several experimental COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. Moderna Inc. and Pfizer Inc. began tests last week that eventually will include 30,000 volunteers each; in the next few months, equally large calls for volunteers will go out to test shots made by AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Novavax. And some vaccines made in China are in smaller late-stage studies in other countries.For all the promises of the U.S. stockpiling millions of doses, the hard truth: Even if a vaccine is declared safe and effective by year’s end, there won’t be enough for everyone who wants it right away -- especially as most potential vaccines require two doses.It’s a global dilemma. The World Health Organization is grappling with the same who-goes-first question as it tries to ensure vaccines are fairly distributed to poor countries -- decisions made even harder as wealthy nations corner the market for the first doses.In the U.S., the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a group established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is supposed to recommend who to vaccinate and when -- advice that the government almost always follows.But a COVID-19 vaccine decision is so tricky that this time around, ethicists and vaccine experts from the National Academy of Medicine, chartered by Congress to advise the government, are being asked to weigh in, too.Setting priorities will require “creative, moral common sense,” said Bill Foege, who devised the vaccination strategy that led to global eradication of smallpox. Foege is co-leading the academy’s deliberations, calling it “both this opportunity and this burden.”With vaccine misinformation abounding and fears that politics might intrude, CDC Director Robert Redfield said the public must see vaccine allocation as “equitable, fair and transparent.”How to decide? The CDC’s opening suggestion: First vaccinate 12 million of the most critical health, national security and other essential workers. Next would be 110 million people at high risk from the coronavirus -- those over 65 who live in long-term care facilities, or those of any age who are in poor health -- or who also are deemed essential workers. The general population would come later.CDC’s vaccine advisers wanted to know who’s really essential. “I wouldn’t consider myself a critical health care worker,” admitted Dr. Peter Szilagyi, a pediatrician at the University of California, Los Angeles.Indeed, the risks for health workers today are far different than in the pandemic’s early days. Now, health workers in COVID-19 treatment units often are the best protected; others may be more at risk, committee members noted.Beyond the health and security fields, does “essential” mean poultry plant workers or schoolteachers? And what if the vaccine doesn’t work as well among vulnerable populations as among younger, healthier people? It’s a real worry, given that older people’s immune systems don’t rev up as well to flu vaccine.With Black, Latino and Native American populations disproportionately hit by the coronavirus, failing to address that diversity means “whatever comes out of our group will be looked at very suspiciously,” said ACIP chairman Dr. Jose Romero, Arkansas’ interim health secretary.Consider the urban poor who live in crowded conditions, have less access to health care and can’t work from home like more privileged Americans, added Dr. Sharon Frey of St. Louis University.And it may be worth vaccinating entire families rather than trying to single out just one high-risk person in a household, said Dr. Henry Bernstein of Northwell Health.Whoever gets to go first, a mass vaccination campaign while people are supposed to be keeping their distance is a tall order. During the 2009 swine flu pandemic, families waited in long lines in parking lots and at health departments when their turn came up, crowding that authorities know they must avoid this time around.Operation Warp Speed, the Trump administration’s effort to speed vaccine manufacturing and distribution, is working out how to rapidly transport the right number of doses to wherever vaccinations are set to occur.Drive-through vaccinations, pop-up clinics and other innovative ideas are all on the table, said CDC’s Dr. Nancy Messonnier.As soon as a vaccine is declared effective, “we want to be able the next day, frankly, to start these programs,” Messonnier said. “It’s a long road.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5581

With five weeks remaining in the college football season, the College Football Playoff selection committee unveiled the first poll, and there is little surprise at who is at the top. Alabama, the defending national champs, was ranked No. 1 in the poll released Tuesday, followed by the 2017 champs No. 2-ranked Clemson. With Alabama and Clemson both sporting unbeaten records, it is not surprising to see the two squads at the top of the ranking. But the selection committee's third choice might leave some fans scratching their head. Rather than picking unbeaten Notre Dame at No. 3, the selection committee slotted one-loss LSU as the third pick. Notre Dame, who has a win over Michigan who is ranked at No. 5 in the CFP ranking, was at No. 4. With the toughest part of Notre Dame's schedule in the past, and no remaining Top 25 games remaining on the schedule, the Irish's chances of making the College Football Playoff are in question given that a one-loss team is already ahead of Notre Dame. A group of other one-loss teams are poised to potentially overtake Notre Dame at the No. 4 spot since most of those squads will get the opportunity to play in a conference title game. With Notre Dame being an independent, the Irish do not get the benefit of playing in a conference championship. Behind Michigan is a quintet of teams sporting 7-1 records going into Week 9. Those teams are No. 6 Georgia, No. 7 Oklahoma, No. 8 Washington State, No. 9 Kentucky and No. 10 Ohio State. UCF, who is the only other unbeaten team besides Alabama, Clemson and Notre Dame, was ranked No. 12. The top four teams at the end of the season advance to play in the College Football Playoff.  1728

White House press secretary Sarah Sanders privately berated the White House communications and press staff Friday after a leak the previous day of comments by aide Kelly Sadler about Sen. John McCain, according to several sources familiar with the meeting.In discussing McCain's opposition to CIA nominee Gina Haspel, Sadler,?a special assistant who handles surrogate communications for the White House, said in a private meeting Thursday that it doesn't matter "because he's dying anyway." It was a joke that fell flat, a White House official told CNN. 571

With COVID-19 cases surging across the country, public health officials and ICU doctors are pleading with Americans to reconsider gathering with family members ahead of the Thanksgiving holiday for fear of spreading the virus even further.“We really don’t have a national or even multi-state plan, and that worries me,” said Dr. Stephen Morse with Columbia University.While he strongly recommends against it, Dr. Morse knows inevitably some people will still get together on Thursday. His advice is to have a multi-layered safety approach.The first layer involves testing. He’s urging people to avoid those rapid tests if they can because they’re less accurate.With so many Americans trying to get tested right now, officials also say it’s important to plan ahead and be prepared to potentially not get results back before Thanksgiving.“Testing is really important because it’s the only way we can find people who aren’t obviously sick and stop them,” Dr. Morse added.Health officials say if you are planning a small family gathering, get tested before you see high-risk family members. Americans are also being urged to consider virtual holiday gatherings whenever possible.If you are gathering with people outside your household, eat in separate rooms or consider eating outdoors.“What I’ve seen is once it gets into a family, because we let our guard down around our family, everybody gets infected,” explained Dr. John Coleman, who works in the ICU at Northwestern University’s teaching hospital in Chicago.Dr. Coleman says there are just too many variables to consider when it comes to gathering for Thanksgiving this year.“I think we are on the cusp of some very, very dark months. What we’ve seen is the increase of COVID across the nation is going to eventually stress the health system.” 1804

With hospitals overwhelmed in much of the United States, the number of coronavirus cases jumped to record levels on Friday. The total of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported on Wednesday was 172,000, according to Johns Hopkins University.There were also at least 1,800 coronavirus-related deaths reported in the US in the last 24 hours, according to Johns Hopkins.Friday marked the 11th consecutive day in which there were at least 100,000 new cases reported.The news comes as governors and public health experts throughout the country have pleaded with citizens to wear masks and follow social distancing recommendations. A number of states were looking to re-impose restrictions in hopes of keeping hospitals from filling up with COVID-19 patients.The COVID Tracking Project, a project led by The Atlantic, shows that current coronavirus-related hospitalizations hurdled the 60,000 mark in the US on Tuesday for the first time since the start of the pandemic. The number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 has more than doubled in the last six weeks throughout the US.By Friday, the number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 neared 70,000. 1150

来源：资阳报