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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

VIENNA, Oct. 31 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao met his Austrian counterpart Heinz Fischer here Monday and laid out a multi-point proposal to further strengthen bilateral cooperation.During the meeting, Hu spoke highly of the ties between the two countries, saying that China values its relations with Austria and is willing to join hands with Austria to elevate bilateral ties to a higher level.Then he proposed that the two sides enhance their political relationship based on equality and mutual trust, continue with their frequent high-level contacts and steer bilateral relations from a strategic and long-term perspective.The two countries should also expand their mutually beneficial economic and trade relations, he said, while calling for concerted efforts to fight trade protectionism and encourage mutual investment so as to achieve a balanced, diversified and sustainable trade relationship.Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) shakes hands with his Austrian counterpart Heinz Fischer (R) in Vienna, Austria, Oct. 31, 2011. Hu Jintao held talks with Heinz Fischer in Vienna Monday.China is willing to import more goods from Austria and to work with Austria to seek cooperation with third countries in Central and Eastern Europe, said the Chinese president, who also asked Austria to create favorable conditions for Chinese investors in Austria.Meanwhile, Hu urged Vienna to play a more active role in pushing for the EU's recognition of China's full market economy status and for a lift of the bloc's restrictions on high-tech exports to China.In the culture sphere, the two sides should promote people-to-people exchanges and boost cooperation in culture, eduction and media among others, Hu said.In addition, the two countries should also deepen cooperation in multilateral mechanisms to jointly push for a more just and fairer international political and economic order, Hu said.China, he added, is willing to enhance cooperation and coordination with Austria on important issues such as global economic governance, climate change, energy security and peaceful settlement of international disputes.History has proven that as long as the two sides understand and support each other, and respect each other's social systems and development models, the bilateral relationship can achieve long-term, steady and healthy development, Hu said.Fischer, for his part, said that he fully agrees with Hu's proposal, adding that his country is willing to enhance cooperation with China in culture, science and technology and tourism and expand coordination in the United Nations and other multilateral frameworks.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Hu Jintao Saturday issued an order to publicize the Regulations on Resettlement of Ex-Servicemen, which will take effect from Nov. 1.Formulated with an aim to protect the legitimate rights and interests of ex-servicemen, the 53-article document highlights a series of initiatives designed for the appropriate placement of veterans.State organs, social groups, enterprises and public institutions should give preferential treatment to ex-servicemen while recruiting staff members or contract workers, according to the regulations.The regulations provide that demobilized soldiers who register for a civil servant examination or apply for a position in government institutions will be given preference.Those companies or organizations which recruit retired soldiers will enjoy favorable policies prescribed by current laws and regulations.

BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A majority of the emergency hospitalizations for bad events related to medication use in old U.S. adults stem from four common medications, according to a new study in the New England Journal of Medicine Monday.The study was conducted by researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of U.S.There are nearly 100,000 emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans, says researcher Daniel S. Budnitz, MD, MPH, director of the CDC's Medication Safety Program.And the four types of medication -- two for diabetes and two blood-thinning agents -- account for two-thirds of those drug-related emergency hospitalizations. They most often cited: warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); insulin; antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix); oral hypoglycemic agents."Both blood thinners and diabetes medicines are critical drugs that can be lifesaving," Budnitz says.However, he says that ''these are medications that you do need to pay attention to," being sure the dose and timing are correct, among other measures.

NANCHANG, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A copper sword dating back more than 2,200 years has been discovered in east China's Jiangxi Province, local archaeologists said.The design and shape of the sword indicate that it was forged during the Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 BC), according to Li Guoli, curator of the Nanchang Museum, where the sword is currently being stored.Despite having little aesthetic or scientific value due to a lack of decor or inscriptions, the sword still offers insights into the type of military equipment used during the period, Li said.The identity of the sword's original owner and the precise location where the sword was forged and used are still unknown, Li said.The sword was discovered by a laborer surnamed Xiong in Jiangxi's capital of Nanchang. Xiong found the sword while sorting and cleaning stones that had been dredged up from a riverbank.An argument between Xiong and another worker who was trying to claim the sword aroused attention from the local law enforcement, who then convinced Xiong to turn the sword over to archaeological authorities.