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BEIJING, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Acclaimed orthopaedic surgeons and experts attending a major conference in Beijing have agreed to build up a platform for international cooperation aiming at jointly coping with medical and social challenges.At the Sixth International Congress of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association (COA) that concluded on Sunday, presidents of more than 80 national and international orthopaedic societies signed a declaration which seeks a model for both developing and developed countries to help reduce medical costs in the aftermath of the global financial crisis.With an aging global population, rapidly rising medical costs have become a heavy financial burden for governments worldwide. Medical insurance cost control has become a hot topic around the world.Bone and joint diseases, infections due to traffic accident traumas and other diseases causing high disability rates have affected millions of people worldwide."One of the objectives of the COA international conference is to provide a platform for medical experts around the world to discuss not only clinical techniques but also medical and social problems," said Professor Wang Yan, chairman of the COA.To fully leverage existing professional knowledge and resources, presidents of orthopaedic organizations attending the conference adopted and released the Beijing Declaration which calls for a platform to enhance global and national collaboration and partnerships among the professions, industries and related patient organizations and disciplines.The declaration also stresses maximizing Internet-based learning and encouraging international exchanges."Worldwide, I have one lament, that we've spent so much money on medical research, but very little on orthopaedics. Most governments are more anxious to fund cancer or infectious diseases," said Professor Michael Huggness, president of the North American Spine Society."We think we're a bit handicapped by not having the money to pursue the research. As we get more sophisticated in our treatment, the price does go up. My expectation is that in another five to 10 years, we'll begin to apply some molecular techniques to assist us in healing. Maybe the price will come down when our knowledge base increases. But I think we'll just have to wait for a bit more research and a bit more basic science.""We definitely will... look into this issue of how we can have a suitably assigned budget from the government for orthopaedic care," said Professor K.M. Chan, from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong."At the same time, we use evidence-based medicine to contain the medical cost in orthopaedics with very stringent monitors from the professions. That involves good-practice models, quality insurance and patient safety. With all these, we expect that the profession will be heading forward to join hands with the government to contain the cost."More than 15,000 surgeons, researchers and business representatives from China and abroad are attending the four-day annual conference to share the latest theories and techniques for curing musculoskeletal diseases as well as related social topics.Founded in 1980, the COA now has more than 30,000 registered members and is the largest sub-society of doctors under the Chinese Medical Association. The conference is the largest medical academic event in China.

PARIS, Dec. 23 (Xinhua) -- French health authorities on Friday urged 30,000 women to remove the local-made breast implant, pledging that relevant expenses would be covered by the state.The health ministry said in a statement that they spot "no increased risk of cancer currently in women wearing the PIP (Poly Implant Prothese) brand compared with other implants.""However, well-established risks associated with these prostheses are rupture and irritant gel may lead to inflammatory reactions, making it difficult to explant," the statement added.French Health Minister Xavier Bertrand advised French women who have the PIP implants to get them taken out "as a preventive measure but not of an urgent nature." The removal of the implant will be at the state's expense.The recommendation came after eight cases, mainly breast cancer, were reported recently among women with PIP implants.The involved implant was produced by the French company PIP, once the world's third-largest producer of silicone implants who sold its products to tens of thousands of women in more than 65 countries, mainly in South America and western Europe.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Online retail giant Amazon is working on a smartphone scheduled to be released in the fourth quarter of 2012, U.S. media reported Thursday.A note from Citigroup analyst Mark Mahaney obtained by technology news site All Things Digital said that based on the supply chain checks in Asia, Amazon is believed to launch a smartphone in the fourth quarter of 2012.According to the note, Amazon is working with manufacturer Foxconn and the device will run Texas Instruments' OMAP 4 processor. The Kindle Fire, the latest tablet introduced by the e- commerce giant, also uses OMAP processor.The analyst said the smartphone will cost Amazon between 150 and 170 U.S. dollars to build and the company could sell the handset at or near its cost rather than a 30 percent gross margin like many other smartphone manufacturers usually do.The move is expected to further intensify Amazon's rivalry with Apple and Google after the e-commerce giant had made moves on some booming businesses like tablet computer and cloud-computing service.

ULAN BATOR, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Mongolia will continue to curb the spread of HIV and strive to maintain a low prevalence of the AIDS epidemic, a government official said Thursday.Gansukh Battulga, an official with the National Committee on AIDS, told Xinhua that Mongolia is currently an HIV low-prevalence country with a total of 99 people, 15 of whom have died, infected with the virus that causes AIDS."Among the 99 HIV infected cases, 81 percent are men, and the remaining 19 percent are women," Battulga said. "Among the male infected cases, 83 percent belong to MSM (men who have sex with men) group while sex workers account for 54 percent of the female infected cases."The official said the government has launched a variety of programs and tasked the National Committee on AIDS to coordinate all organizations in fighting the epidemic.According to a National Strategy Plan for 2010-2015, Mongolia will strive to maintain its current low HIV-prevalence rate of below 5 percent in the most-at-risk population.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- An inexpensive drug that treats Type 2 diabetes has been shown to prevent a number of natural and man-made chemicals from stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells, according to a newly published study by a Michigan State University researcher. The research, led by pediatrics professor James Trosko and colleagues from South Korea's Seoul National University, provides biological evidence for previously reported epidemiological surveys that long-term use of the drug metformin for Type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes-associated cancers, such as breast cancers.The research appeared online this week in PLoS One.For the study, Trosko and colleagues focused on the concept that cancers originate from adult human stem cells and that there are many natural and man-made chemicals that enhance the growth of breast cancer cells. Using culture dishes, they grew miniature human breast tumors, or mammospheres, that activated a certain stem cell gene. Then the mammospheres were exposed to natural estrogen -- a known growth factor and potential breast tumor promoter -- and man-made chemicals that are known to promote tumors or disrupt the endocrine system.The team found that estrogen and the chemicals caused the mammospheres to increase in numbers and size. However, with metformin added, the numbers and size of the mammospheres were dramatically reduced. While each of the chemicals enhanced growth by different means, metformin seemed to be able to inhibit their stimulated growth in all cases."While future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism by which metformin works to reduce the growth of breast cancers, this study reveals the need to determine if the drug might be used as a preventive drug and for individuals who have no indication of any existing cancers," Trosko said.