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WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 6 (Xinhua) -- Facebook on Wednesday introduced a new video calling feature powered by Skype and some improvements to the chat designs on the social networking site.According to Facebook, users can reach video calling from a new "Call" button on a friend's profile or from the chat panel after downloading a Skype application. A recipient will receive an alert that they are being called and can then accept or decline.At the press event held at Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, California, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the feature will begin with one-on-one video chat. Skype CEO Tony Bates, whose company has been acquired by Microsoft, said Skype is considering having its paid product within the Facebook product.The social networking company also introduced "Ad Hoc Group Chat", which enables users to start a group chat instantly without creating a group with those multiple friends at first. The new group chat feature is also available for Facebook's mobile interfaces.Facebook also introduces a sidebar that lists the people a user messages most, enabling users to chat with close friends, professional contacts or co-workers without being interrupted. The sidebar can adjust with the size of users' browser window and automatically appears when the window is wide enough.In the opening remarks at the press event, Zuckerberg confirmed that Facebook had surpassed 750 million monthly active users. He said the company had declined to announce the number earlier because it has become focused on other metrics, like how actively users are sharing information.The CEO said users are now sharing 4 billion "things" on Facebook every day, which grew at an exponential rate compared to the amount users share a year ago."Social networking is at an inflection point," said Zuckerberg, adding that he believes social networking now is more about the strength of connecting people rather than the quantity of users or ubiquity of the technology.Zuckerberg presented a graph to show how Facebook product launches have helped drive the growth of sharing. He said the social network expects more innovations from other companies involved in everything from music to communication to help drive the growth.

WASHINGTON, July 15 (Xinhua) -- Coastal communities along the U. S. East Coast may be at risk to higher sea levels accompanied by more destructive storm surges in future El Nino years, according to a new study published Friday by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).The study was prompted by an unusual number of destructive storm surges along the East Coast during the 2009-2010 El Nino winter.The study, led by Bill Sweet, from NOAA's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, examined water levels and storm surge events during the "cool season" of October to April for the past five decades at four sites representative of much of the East Coast: Boston, Atlantic City, Norfolk and Charleston.From 1961 to 2010, it was found that in strong El Nino years, these coastal areas experienced nearly three times the average number of storm surge events (defined as those of one foot or greater). The research also found that waters in those areas saw a third-of-a-foot elevation in mean sea level above predicted conditions."High-water events are already a concern for coastal communities. Studies like this may better prepare local officials who plan for or respond to conditions that may impact their communities," said Sweet. "For instance, city planners may consider reinforcing the primary dunes to mitigate for erosion at their beaches and protecting vulnerable structures like city docks by October during a strong El Nino year."El Nino conditions are characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific that normally peak during the Northern Hemisphere "cool season." They occur every three to five years with stronger events generally occurring every 10-15 years. El Nino conditions have important consequences for global weather patterns, and within the U.S., often cause wetter-than- average conditions and cooler-than-normal temperatures across much of the South.

BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhuanet) -- European music service Spotify is set to launch in the United States on Thursday, according to media reports.The streaming service will be available in the morning by invitation and through subscription."Spotify is a new way to listen to and manage your music, discover new tracks and share songs and playlists with friends – music whenever you want it, wherever you are," the company said in a statement.Spotify's streaming music and subscription service have long been popular in Europe since its launch in late 2008, and the company has been aiming for a US launch for nearly as long.Spotify has inked agreements with Sony Corp Music Entertainment, EMI Music, and Vivendi SA's Universal Music Group in the last few months. It is expected to close a deal with Warner Music Group by launch or soon after, according to a source.

LOS ANGELES, June 24 (Xinhua) -- Near-Earth asteroid 2011 MD will whip past Earth on June 27, but will not pose any threat, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The asteroid will pass only 12,000 kilometers (7,500 miles) above the Earth's surface at about 9:30 EDT, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.This small asteroid, only 5-20 meters in diameter, is in a very Earth-like orbit about the Sun, but an orbital analysis indicates there is no chance it will actually strike Earth on Monday, JPL said.If a rocky asteroid the size of 2011 MD were to enter Earth's atmosphere, it would be expected to burn up high in the atmosphere and cause no damage to Earth's surface, said JPL.The accompanying diagram gives a view of the asteroid's trajectory from the general direction of the Sun. This view indicates that 2011 MD will reach its closest Earth approach point in extreme southern latitudes (in fact over the southern Atlantic Ocean), according to JPL. The incoming trajectory leg passes several thousand kilometers outside the geosynchronous ring of satellites and the outgoing leg passes well inside the ring, JPL said.For a brief time, it may be bright enough to be seen even with a modest-sized telescope.One would expect an object of this size to come this close to Earth about every six years on average.The asteroid was discovered by the LINEAR near-Earth object discovery team observing from Socorro, New Mexico.