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According to President Donald Trump, the tragic Texas church shooting that left 26 people dead was "a mental health problem at the highest level."If you ask mental health researchers, such mass shootings are much more complicated than that.On Sunday, 26-year-old Devin Kelley sprayed bullets across the sanctuary of First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas, about 30 miles east of San Antonio. The youngest killed at the church was 17 months old; the oldest was 77 years old."We have a lot of mental health problems in our country, as do other countries, but this isn't a guns situation," Trump said during a joint news conference Monday in Tokyo."This is a mental health problem at the highest level," he said. "It's a very, very sad event."Trump's response to the Texas church shooting echoed previous comments he has made on gun violence. In 2015, Trump said he was opposed to tightening gun laws in the United States but was in favor of addressing mental health to prevent shootings.Yet various epidemiological studies over the past two decades show that the vast majority of people with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or severe depression, are no more likely to be violent than anyone else.Rather, people with severe mental illnesses are more than 10 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population. And, only about 3% to 5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services.But those statistics have "almost nothing to do with mass casualty shootings," said Jeffrey Swanson, a professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Duke University who specializes in gun violence and mental illness.So exactly how are mental health and gun violence intertwined, and what is needed to end the violence?Gun violence and mental illness are public health problems "that intersect at the edges" but have very little overlap, Swanson told CNN last year.There's no doubt that America's systems of care for mental health are overburdened, expensive and inaccessible for many who need them, he said. But when it comes to gun violence among this community, suicide tends to occur at higher rates than homicides, he said."If we back up and think about firearm-related injuries and mortality as a public health problem, it turns out there is a mental health-related story, and it's suicide," he said. "If we had better mental health care and could get people better access and break down barriers to care, then yes, we might reduce gun violence by a lot but it would be from reducing suicides."Otherwise, mental illness is just one "highly unspecific" factor that may contribute to gun violence, along with being young, white and male, or a history of violence, Swanson said.Instead of policies that restrict gun access based solely on mental illness diagnoses or because a person has made contact with the judicial system or health care agencies due to mental illness, the American Psychological Association, the National Alliance on Mental Illness and other advocacy groups have called for gun access criteria based on more subtle indicators of potentially dangerous behavior.Those indicators -- such as having past or pending violent misdemeanor convictions or charges, domestic violence restraining orders or multiple DUI convictions -- have been largely informed by the work of Swanson and others.Swanson supports intervention at the point of purchase through comprehensive background checks -- but to make background checks work, criteria for inclusion on the database should be based on other indicators of risk besides mental health history, such as those indicators of aggressive, impulsive or risky behavior."A history of violent behavior is a far better predictor of future violence than mental illness," he said.Calling gun violence a mental health issue is to scapegoat and stigmatize people with mental illness, he said."It's kind of a canard, a convenient explanation that exploits the tremendous fear people have with these horrifying mass shootings," he said. "If people fear those with mental illness they're going to treat them with scorn and support public policies that restrict their liberties."After all, mental illness affects millions of adults across the country.In 2015, there were an estimated 43.4 million adults in the United States with some form of mental illness within the past year, which represented 17.9% of adults nationwide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.The American Psychological Association recommends prohibiting firearms for high-risk groups, such as domestic violence offenders or persons convicted of violent misdemeanor crimes."Reducing the incidence of gun violence will require interventions through multiple systems, including legal, public health, public safety, community, and health. Increasing the availability of data and funding will help inform and evaluate policies designed to reduce gun violence," according to the association's website.Swanson and his colleagues examined the proportion of people in the United States with impulsive angry behavior who own or carry guns and have a diagnosable mental illness in a paper published in the journal Behavioral Sciences & the Law in 2015.They conducted household surveys with 9,282 people from February 2001 to April 2003, excluding people who carried guns for work, resulting in a response rate of 70.9%.An analysis of the survey results estimated that nearly one in 10 adults has access to firearms and has a problem with anger and impulsive aggressive behavior.These people were more likely to be male, younger and married and to live in outlying areas around metropolitan centers rather than in central cities, Swanson and his colleagues wrote in their paper.They were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for a wide range of mental disorders, including depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders, PTSD, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling, eating disorder, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, and a range of personality disorders.What's more, despite evidence of "considerable psychopathology" in many of these respondents, only a very small proportion, 8% to 10%, were ever hospitalized for a mental health problem."Because only a small proportion of persons with this risky combination have ever been involuntarily hospitalized for a mental health problem, most will not be subject to existing mental health-related legal restrictions on firearms resulting from a history of involuntary commitment," Swanson and his colleagues wrote in the paper's abstract.As for Texas gunman Kelley, the state denied him a license to carry a gun, Gov. Greg Abbott said, citing the director of Texas' Department of Public Safety."So how was it that he was able to get a gun? By all the facts that we seem to know, he was not supposed to have access to a gun," Abbott told CNN's Chris Cuomo. "So how did this happen?"On Monday, Trump said his "thoughts and prayers" were with the victims and their families but did not suggest plans to take any legislative or other policy action to address the shooting. 7228

After dozens of puppies were found in rural Pottawattamie County, Iowa with no food and water before being rescued Sunday, authorities ramped up their investigation into Young Gunz Kennel.They obtained a search warrant and confiscated items for several hours Tuesday.Sheriff deputies and animal control personnel hauled away a large number of kennels that were at the unlicensed facility, which was used for obedience and hunting training, as well as dog breeding. Investigators could also be seen snapping photos and collecting additional evidence that they could find at the site, which housed as many as 50 dogs before many of them were found inside their kennels severely malnourished. A total of four dogs have now been found dead, and 10 are missing.Copper was one of the dogs that was rescued on Sunday. When his owner Wil Beach picked him up, Copper had lost 20 pounds and was covered in feces. "He was very scared but still in high spirits, he was the same dog emotionally when I got him (back) than when I dropped him off,” says Beach.Beach says he took Copper and a 0 check to owner Dustin Young in January after high praises from friends. He says he did not suspect anything amiss when he made the drop-off. "When I was there it was neat and clean and organized and he was very talkative and he just seemed like he had a passion for dogs," says Beach.Beach is thankful that his two-year old pup is okay, with no major issues from the abandonment.  1500

After the MLB Players Association said on Monday that it has rejected the latest proposal from baseball owners to resume play, MLB says it is ready to move forward with framework that the players and owners agreed to shortly after the season was postponed in March.MLB is now asking if players will be able to report on July 1 for training camp, and if the players will agree to health and safety protocols imposed by MLB. MLB is giving the players' union until Tuesday night to respond.MLB said in a statement, “Today, the Major League Baseball Players Association informed us that they have rejected the agreement framework developed by Commissioner Manfred and Tony Clark. Needless to say, we are disappointed by this development.MLB said that the proposal rejected by players included the expansion of the MLB playoffs and a universal DH. MLB players union released the following statement:“The MLBPA Executive Board met multiple times in recent days to assess the status of our efforts to resume the 2020 season.“Earlier this evening, the full Board reaffirmed the players' eagerness to return to work as soon and as safely as possible. To that end we anticipate finalizing a comprehensive set of health and safety protocols with Major League Baseball in the coming days, and we await word from the league on the resumption of spring training camps and a proposed 2020 schedule.“While we had hoped to reach a revised back to work agreement with the league, the Players remain fully committed to proceeding under our current agreement and getting back on the field for the fans, for the game, and for each other.”The players union has complained that the league is attempting to play the fewest number of games possible.“The commissioner has repeatedly threatened to schedule a dramatically shortened season unless players agree to hundreds of millions in further concessions,” the MLBPA said on June 13. “Our response has been consistent that such concessions are unwarranted, would be fundamentally unfair to players, and that our sport deserves the fullest 2020 season possible.”The framework released late Monday does not stipulate an exact number of games, but it is believed that MLB will try to complete 50 to 60 games for the 2020 season. 2259

A group is holding press conferences across the state of New York, urging Gov. Andrew Cuomo to allow immigrant food and farm workers to apply for a driver's license — even if the worker is undocumented."Green Light NY: Driving Together" argues that New York's agriculture and food industry needs migrant workers because Americans are not interested in taking the jobs, and driver's licenses would reduce costs for farmers."Farmers are worried about losing their workers. And it is already happening," Jennifer Connor, an organizer for "Justice for Migrant Families," said.Green Light NY wants New York to join 12 other states that issue driver's licenses without regard to immigration status. Supporters of the idea it will help farmers, who are currently responsible for cost and logistics of transporting their migrant workers to the farm, grocery store or doctor's offices.Proponents of the plan say allowing undocumented immigrants to apply for driver's licenses will generate million for the state's economy"Would it be better to have them licensed, documented, required to purchase insurance and all those things? Absolutely," Dennis Brawdy of the Amos Zittel & Sons Farm in Eden, New York, said.While local farmers support the idea, it is controversial.Erie County Clerk Michael Kearns is strongly against the idea."We have to remember that we are a border state with Canada, and terrorism is a very important issue," Kearns said.According to Kearns, federal requirements for identification have greatly increased and allowing undocumented farm workers to get a driver's license would create a dangerous loophole."I believe federal law supersedes state law and I will follow the federal law," added Kearns, who said he would challenge any change in New York law regarding the issuance of licenses to workers without proper documentation. 1920

Alabama teammates Mac Jones and DeVonta Smith, along with Clemson's Trevor Lawrence and Florida's Kyle Trask, have been named finalists for the Heisman Trophy.The Heisman will be awarded Jan. 5 during a virtual ceremony as the pandemic forced the cancellation of the usual trip to New York that for the presentation that usually comes with being a finalist.Jones and Smith are the eighth set of teammates to be finalists together since the tradition started in 1982.Smith is trying to become the first wide receiver to win the Heisman since 1991 when Desmond Howard took the award for Michigan.Smith leads the nation with 98 receptions and 1,511 receiving yards.Quarterbacks have been the favorite to win the Heisman, with 17 of them winning the coveted award since 2000.According to the Associated Press, Jones leads the nation with a 202.34 efficiency rating (202.34), has completed 76.5% of his throws, and averages 11.4 yards per pass with 32 touchdowns.If Jones or Smith wins the Heisman, they'll be Alabama's third Heisman winner. Running back Mark Ingram won in 2009, and Derrick Henry won in 2015.Lawrence, who missed two games due to COVID-19, was the preseason favorite to win the Heisman, the AP reported.This season, he's thrown for 2,753 yards and 22 touchdowns. As a starter, he has a 52-2 record and is 14-2 in the playoffs. Lawrence was also the first true freshman in 33 years to start and win a national title when Clemson won in 2018. 1461

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