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BEIJING, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- China's economic diplomacy will face growing challenges in the form of trade and exchange rate disputes, as well as the task of protecting overseas investment interests, over the next few years, experts said on Sunday.Next year will be an election year for the Unite States and France, and there is an increasing possibility for the two countries to use the "China threat" as an excuse for not dealing with their own economic issues, which will put Chinese diplomacy under pressure, said Ding Yifan, deputy director of the Institute of World Development of the Development Research Center of the State Council at a seminar on Chinese diplomacy.During the first half of 2012, several countries will remain in a grave debt crisis and may even see their crises deepen, Ding said, adding that this situation may create friction between China, the United States and Europe.Additionally, protecting China's growing overseas investments will pose new challenges for the country's diplomacy, Ding said.Chen Fengying, director of the Institute of World Economic Studies under the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, agreed that the protection of China's overseas investment interests will be an important task for Chinese diplomacy.During the past three decades, China has invested in more than 170 countries and regions, with outbound direct foreign investment topping 170 billion U.S. dollars.In the past 30 years, China has been focused on "bringing in" foreign investment; it may do more to facilitate its "going out" in the future, Chen said.Chinese economic diplomacy will serve the country's economic construction and the protection of its overseas interests, national interests and security, Chen said, adding that China's position in the world is closely related to its economic diplomacy.Chen said China has made several achievements in international economic governance, reflected by China's growing influence in the international arena and the posts held by Chinese officials in important international organizations.

BEIJING, Oct. 18 (Xinhuanet) -- Some seaweeds can kill the reef-building corals around them by emitting anti-coral chemicals, a new study found.The study was published Monday in the online edition of the journal Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The researchers investigated the interactions between eight different species of seaweed and three species of coral growing in the waters nearby the Fiji Islands, and identified a class of anti-coral organic compounds known as terpenes.These chemicals, found on the surfaces of several species of seaweed, can kill the coral by suppressing its photosynthesis.The finding suggests that the living space competition with seaweeds could be a factor of the coral's worldwide decline.Plant-eating fish normally controls seaweed growth on coral reefs, but the populations of these consumers are declining by the overfishing, which eventually resulted in the seaweed's dominant position, according to the researchers.Despite overfishing, pollution and warming oceans are also the contributors to coral's worldwide decline, said Jennifer Smith, a marine ecologist at the University of California, San Diego.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- The Rockefeller University confirmed Monday its Canadian-born cell biologist Ralph Steinman died three days before being awarded the Nobel Prize on Monday as the Nobel committee was unaware of his death at the time."Steinman passed away on September 30," the New York university said in a statement."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design."The Nobel committee was unaware of Steinman's death when announcing this year's winners and it was unclear whether the prize would be rescinded because Nobel statutes don't allow posthumous award."The Rockefeller University is delighted that the Nobel Foundation has recognized Ralph Steinman for his seminal discoveries concerning the body's immune responses," says Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne."But the news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago after a long battle with cancer. Our thoughts are with Ralph's wife, children and family.""We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," says Steinman's daughter Alexis. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored.""Ralph's research has laid the foundation for numerous discoveries in the critically important field of immunology, and it has led to innovative new approaches in how we treat cancer, infectious diseases and disorders of the immune system," Tessier-Lavigne says.Steinman, who discovered the immune system's sentinel dendritic cells, is this year's recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He shares half the prize with Bruce Beutler and Jules Hoffmann.

BEIJING, Oct. 10 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, or China's cabinet, announced on Monday it will tax all resource products starting Nov. 1, extending the resource tax on domestic sales of crude oil and natural gas from some regions to the entire country.The list of taxable resources widened from crude oil and natural gas to coal, rare earth, salt and metal from Nov. 1, according to the country's revised resource tax regulations.The expansion of the resource tax is part of China's efforts to encourage energy conservancy and limit environmental damage.Sales of crude oil and natural gas nationwide will be taxed at a rate between five and 10 percent of their sales value, according to the revised regulations.The regulations impose a sales tax ranging from eight (1.25 U.S. dollars) to 20 yuan per metric ton on coking coal and from 0.40 to 60 yuan per metric ton on rare earth ore.Taxes on other types of coal stood unchanged at 0.30 to five yuan per metric ton.The tax rate for other non-ferrous metals is set between 0.4 to 30 yuan per metric ton. Ferrous metals will be taxed at two to 30 yuan per metric ton.Taxes on precious non-metallic ore will be between 0.5 to 20 yuan per kg or per carat, while taxes on cheap non-metallic ore are set between 0.5to 20 yuan per metric or per cubic meter.China's current resource tax is levied based on production volume instead of sales value, thus preventing the government from benefiting from energy and commodity price increases.Nonetheless, energy giants and mining companies such as PetroChina and Sinopec have enjoyed large profit margins on the sale of resources under the current tax scheme.A resource tax on oil and natural gas was introduced at a rate of five percent in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on June 1, 2010 before being extended to 11 other provinces in December last year.

JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

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