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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is urging Americans not to travel this holiday season, it's clear that many will choose to do so anyway.Between Nov. 25 and Nov. 29 — the height of the Thanksgiving travel surge —the Transportation Security Agency (TSA) said it screened about 4.5 million travelers. While that represented 39% less travelers than last year, it represented the most travelers the agency had screened since the start of the pandemic.With another surge in travel expected for Christmas and New Year's, the TSA has offered some helpful tips when it comes to packing luggage for the holiday season.Packing giftsDo not pre-wrap gifts: Gifts need to be screened like any other piece of luggage, meaning gifts need to be unwrapped if they need to be inspected. The TSA suggests wrapping once you reach your destination, or wrapping in a gift bag.Be sure to pack gifts that contain large amounts liquid, like perfumes, gel candles or snow globes, in a checked bag. TSA allows containers with 3.4 ounces of liquid or less for carry-ons.Snowboards, snowshoes and ice skates can be carried on, but be sure to check with airlines about a plane's overhead bin space. Skis and ski poles will need to be checked.Packing foodHomemade baked goods and other treats can be carried on, but any sort of jams, jellies or syrups are liquids and should be checked if they're in a container larger than 3.4 ounces. A rule of thumb? "If you can spill it, spray it, spread it, pump it or pour it, then it should be packed in a checked bag if the container is larger than 3.4 ounces."Higher-proof alcoholic beverages (between 24% and 70% alcohol by volume) are limited in check bags to five liters a passenger. Any beverage with less than 24% alcohol by volume has no size limit in a checked bag.Mini bottles of alcohol can be carried on, as long as they are less than 3.4 ounces and fit "comfortably" in a single quart-sized bag.Packing electronics Electronics to be given as a gift can be carried on, but remember to place electronics larger than a laptop in their own bin with nothing above or below it.TSA allows drones past checkpoints, but double-check with airlines on their policies about transporting drones.Remember, loose lithium batteries are prohibited in checked bags. Click here to learn more about the FAA's policies about lithium batteries. 2372

White House press secretary Sarah Sanders said Wednesday she wasn't aware that President Donald Trump knew of a payment made by his personal lawyer to the porn actress Stormy Daniels in October 2016.And she said she didn't know whether Trump had spoken to his lawyer, Michael Cohen, over the past week.Answering questions from CNN's Jeff Zeleny, Sanders said the President has denied having a sexual relationship with Daniels."The President has addressed these directly and made very well clear that none of these allegations are true. It has already been won in arbitration. Anything in addition to that I would refer you to the President's outside counsel," Sanders said.The-CNN-Wire? & ? 2018 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved. 777

Which is worse? Aggressive driving, drunk driving or distracted driving?They're all bad, but new information out on Thursday shows when it comes to risky behavior on the road, distracted driving now tops the list. Nearly nine out of 10 drivers believe it's on the rise. But experts say there are things you can do about it.From reaching for something to the increasing danger of technology, it has become easier to become distracted while driving. In a study out Thursday, the AAA Foundation found drivers talking on a cellphone are up to four times more likely to crash than those not using a cellphone. Those who text and drive are eight times more likely.Mark Stolberg, the Vice President of training at Masterdrive, said many of us look at distractions as small interruptions we can stop at any time.“The problem with it is the traffic situation can become threatening very quickly,” said Stolberg. “So even a little distraction is very dangerous.”“So if you have to check something else, if you have to check the mirror, if you have to check your navigation right, check that then get back focused on driving," Stolberg added. "Get right back focused on driving.”Stolberg demonstrated that when a text message is received, drivers have a tendency to take their eyes off the road. In a split second, Stolberg said that drivers could miss a changing traffic light, causing potential accidents. Turning off cellphones while driving is one way drivers can remove the temptation of taking their eyes off of the road.  1585

While many Americans do it, taking a selfie with a completed ballot is considered a crime in most states. According to CNN, there are laws prohibiting taking or distributing photos of your ballot while at the polls in 27 states. For voters in 23 states and DC, photos from the voting booth are generally permissible. A person could be charged with a felony in Illinois and Wisconsin for taking photos at the ballot booth.While some of the 23 states have previously had laws prohibiting photography of ballots, there have been recent court rulings questioning the constitutionality of such laws. One example came during 2016 in New Hampshire. The state argued that the law was necessary to prevent ballot photography to be used as a means of voter fraud or intimidation. The plaintiffs argued that prohibiting ballot photography denied voters their free speech rights. A federal appeals court ruled 3-0 that the state had not shown that it was using the least restrictive means to achieve a compelling state interest of prohibiting voting fraud. According to the ruling, New Hampshire Secretary of State William Gardner was unable to show examples of how ballot photography led to voting fraud. "The restriction affects voters who are engaged in core political speech, an area highly protected by the First Amendment," the ruling states. "There is an increased use of social media and ballot selfies in particular in service of political speech by voters. A ban on ballot selfies would suppress a large swath of political speech."Indiana also had a law passed in 2015 that would have made ballot selfies a felony struck down by a federal judge.In Colorado, the state made it legal in 2017 to take ballot pictures. But in Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia, it is illegal to take photos at the polling place, according to CNN. In Alaska, Louisiana, Massachusets, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah and Vermont, pictures at the ballot box are okay, but cannot include a photo of a completed ballot.  To see a state-by-state breakdown of the laws regulating ballot selfies, click here.  2343