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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As drugmakers race to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus, several legal questions are emerging: could the government require people to get it? Could people who refuse to roll up their sleeves get banned from stores or lose their jobs?The short answer is yes, according to Dov Fox, a law professor and the director of the Center for Health Law Policy and Bioethics at the University of San Diego.“States can compel vaccinations in more or less intrusive ways,” he said in an interview. “They can limit access to schools or services or jobs if people don’t get vaccinated. They could force them to pay a fine or even lock them up in jail.”Fox noted authorities in the United States have never attempted to jail people for refusing to vaccinate, but other countries like France have adopted the aggressive tactic.The legal precedent dates back to 1905. In a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the court ruled Massachusetts had the authority to fine people who refused vaccinations for smallpox.That case formed the legal basis for vaccine requirements at schools, and has been upheld in subsequent decisions.“Courts have found that when medical necessity requires it, the public health outweighs the individual rights and liberties at stake,” Fox said.In 2019, New York City passed an ordinance that fined people who refused a measles vaccination.That said, recent protests over face coverings show there could be significant backlash to a vaccine mandate, Fox said. Just because states have the power to do it, doesn’t mean it’s the best public policy, he added.Although states would have the authority to mandate vaccinations, there’s more doubt about whether Congress could enact a federal requirement.The most likely federal vaccination requirement would come in the form of a tax penalty, but Fox said given the current composition of the Supreme Court, a federal vaccine requirement would likely be found unconstitutional.Opponents of a federal mandate would cite the Supreme Court’s 2012 decision on the Affordable Care Act, Fox said. In that case, the justices ruled that Congress could not use its powers to regulate interstate commerce to require people to buy health insurance, even though the ACA’s individual mandate was ultimately upheld on separate grounds.That means the U.S. could have a patchwork of different vaccine requirements in different states.States that explore a vaccine requirement should only do so if the vaccine is widely and readily available, Fox said.“Otherwise you create an underclass of people who are less safe and without access to the basic means of society,” he said.States would need to allow exemptions for people with legitimate medical risks, like pregnancy, but not exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds, he said.“Religious exemptions are not constitutionally required by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause, provided that the vaccine mandates don’t single out religion; they’re not motivated by a desire to interfere with it,” he said.In the workplace, private employers would have a lot of flexibility to require vaccinations and fire workers who refuse them for anything but legitimate medical concerns.As long as employers show there are significant costs associated with having unvaccinated workers, they would not need to offer religious exemptions to employees, Fox said.Under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employers are not required to accommodate religious employees if doing so would pose more than a “de minimis,” or minimal cost. 3561

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Busy families can get help from the United States Department of Agriculture, which has tips for stretching your food budget and eating well when money is limited.Buy in season: Sticking to fruits and vegetables that are in season can lower the cost and add to the freshness.Go back to basics: Convenience foods like pre-cut fruits and vegetables and take-out meals often cost more.Meal prep: Make a large batch of favorite recipes and freeze in individual containers. If you use them throughout the week, you can avoid spending on take-out meals.Find deals right under your nose: That may include peel-off coupons on items, signs on aisle shelves, or coupons with your receipt.Search for coupons: Don’t overlook your junk mail! Many stores still mail coupons and ads, or you can find them online.Look for savings in the newspaper: Brand-name coupons are found in paper inserts every Sunday. Some stores offer double value on coupons on some days of the week.Join your store’s loyalty program: You can receive savings and electronic coupons when you provide an email addressFind out if your store will match a competitor’s coupon: Many stores will accept coupons for the same item.Get a coupon buddy: Swap coupons you won’t use with a friend.Stay organized: Sort your coupons so they’re easy to find.The USDA has sample two-week menus, recipes and a shopping list that can be used by anyone wanting a healthy diet at a modest price. The USDA created recipes using basic kitchen equipment and made lunches designed to be packable so they can be taken to work or school. 1619

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Congressman Duncan Hunter and wife, Margaret, were arraigned Thursday in San Diego, where they entered their pleas to a 60-count indictment surrounding charges of campaign fund violations.Here are five fast facts to know about Thursday's arraignment:HUNTERS' PLEAThe Hunters both pleaded not guilty to the indictment handed down on Wednesday. Rep. Hunter has continued to plead innocent to charges against him since they were introduced in 2016.This week, Rep. Hunter called the indictment a "politically motivated" attack.HUNTER INDICTMENT: 573

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As school districts across San Diego County work to piece together how the next school year will look like and how they’ll pay for it, others are joining forces to try and get more resources.Two of the largest school districts in California, Los Angeles Unified and San Diego Unified, announced they plan to pool their purchasing power to secure PPE and other equipment that’s needed to safely reopen.They join the other districts in the struggle to find out how to fund all the changes they’ll have to make to keep up with the state’s guidelines in dealing with COVID-19.Last week, the state’s superintendent of schools released a handbook that looks at the options of possibly splitting up students based on grade level, having them report to school on two designated days, and doing distance learning on the other days. They’re also looking to stagger start and dismissal times.While some parents believe having students return to school is easier than virtual learning, San Diego Education Association President Kisha Borden said, “I also think it will create a need for more teachers, we may have to utilize more of our visiting teachers.”The state superintendent is also recommending face coverings before entering campus. They will not need to wear it while eating.In a statement, LA Unified Superintendent Austin Beutner and SD Unified Superintendent Cindy Marten said:“Schools across the state are working around the clock to plan for reopening because students must have the chance to continue their education. Unfortunately, last week the state published 55 pages of new guidelines on districts with no funding attached. Unless the funding needs are addressed comprehensively in the state budget, there is no way schools will be able to follow all the new recommended guidelines required for a safe, responsible reopening in the fall. It is inappropriate to pronounce public guidelines as recommended best practices and then leave districts without the necessary funding to implement them. Schools must be able to reassure parents, students and staff that their wellbeing is being addressed and these guidelines will now be viewed as a minimum threshold.”Meanwhile, in Sacramento, lawmakers just approved a state spending plan that rejects Gov. Gavin Newsom’s proposed cuts to public education, as the state faces an estimated billion budget deficit because of the coronavirus.Even though the budget plan has been voted on, this could still change, as the governor has the power to veto, sign, or make changes to what’s been given to him by the legislature. 2600

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Community leaders and the city have set up a truce over a makeshift pump track in on Famosa Boulevard near Nimitz Boulevard in Point Loma.  181