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OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- The central government allocated 935 million yuan (147 million U.S. dollars) Wednesday to areas hit by rain-triggered floods, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) said.The relief funds, jointly allocated by the MCA and the Ministry of Finance, will be used for disaster survivors to relocate, rebuild houses and buy daily necessities.The funds will also be delivered to the family members of the victims, according to the ministry.The funds will go to the flood-hit provinces of Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The government already allocated 132 million yuan (20.6 million U.S. dollars) to disaster hit areas immediately after the floods happened in September.Rain-triggered floods and disasters left 97 people dead, 21 missing and 1.23 million affected in September in China's 11 provincial-level regions, and a total of 1.93 million people were relocated urgently to avoid further casualties.The disasters also caused an estimated 21 billion yuan (3.29 billion U.S. dollars) in direct economic losses, according to official data.

SEOUL, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Samsung Electronics, the world's largest flat screen TV vendor, said Tuesday that it has suspended its plan to develop active shutter three-dimensional (3D) TVs with RealD, the U.S.-based 3D technology supplier."Samsung has decided to focus on our own initiatives of 3D technology, and continues to research and develop next-generation 3D display technologies, including a glasses-free 3D solution for the home," the tech firm said in an e-mailed statement.The active shutter 3D technology drew public attention after Samsung reached a deal with RealD earlier this year to jointly develop such technology, aiming to unveil 3D TVs based on the technology early next year.The active shutter is a next generation 3D technology that incorporates merits from both shutter-glass (SG) technology, which Samsung adopted, and film patterned retarder (FPR) technology, which LG introduced in December last year.The SG technology has been touted as better picture quality and deeper 3D images, but the eyewear is heavier because it requires batteries and chips to work. The active shutter 3D technology moved its function of 3D image creation from eyewear to flat panel, making the eyewear lighter.Despite the upgraded technology and its convenience, Samsung decided to focus on its existing SG technology as the global TV market is grappling with weak demand. The penetration rate, which gauges the ratio of 3D sets against the total flat screen TVs, was expected to rise to 9.9 percent by year-end from the 3 percent a year earlier, according to Woori Investment & Securities, a local securities firm.

JERUSALEM, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- An Israeli company has developed a system that scans the brain and provides a three dimensional image of the nerve cell connectivity to treat brain diseases like Alzheimer's or HDHD.The firm ElMindA trademarked a non-invasive system, the BNA ( Brain Network Activation), that helps doctors visualize the connectivity between nerve cells and synchronization that can even measure the severity of the patients condition from one day to another, the Israel21c news site reported on ThursdayBy creating a three-dimensional image of the brain while asking the patients to repeat an activity several times, BNA developers hope this system will become a regular way of diagnosing brain illnesses."Our vision is that every psychiatrist and neurologist in the world will routinely send every patient for BNA tests," said Dr. Eli Zangvil, ElMindA's strategic advisor for business development. "Our test would add information and aid in diagnostics in a way no other existing technology can do," he added.BNA could help doctors find out exactly at what stage of the disease patients and prescribe the exact medication for them."To do that, we must collect a lot of data," Zangvil said. "To say this person has a certain disease or condition, I have to be able to compare their pattern to a normal brain pattern of a person of the same age and gender." he said.Researchers hope to gather the amount of data they need to obtain FDA approval in the U.S. by the end of 2012, and start marketing it to hospitals by 2013.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- British scientists have discovered a new way to target cancer through manipulating a master switch responsible for cancer cell growth. The findings, published Monday in the U.S. journal Cancer Cell, reveal how cancer cells grow faster by producing their own blood vessels.Cancer cells gain the nutrients they need by producing proteins that make blood vessels grow, helping deliver oxygen and sugars to the tumor. These proteins are vascular growth factors like VEGF -- the target for the anti-cancer drug Avastin. Making these proteins requires the slotting together of different parts of genes, a process called splicing.Scientists at the University of West England and the University of Bristol discovered that mutations in one specific cancer gene can control how splicing is balanced, allowing a master switch in the cell to be turned on. This master switch of splicing makes cancer cells grow faster, and blood vessels to grow more quickly, as they alter how VEGFs are put together.In experimental models, the researchers found that by using new drugs that block this master switch they prevented blood vessel growth and stopped the growth of cancers."The research clearly demonstrates that it may be possible to block tumor growth by targeting and manipulating alternative splicing in patients, adding to the increasingly wide armory of potential anti-cancer therapies," the authors said.

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