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As students return to school and employees head back to the office all with new safety protocols likely including wearing a mask, a new study from Duke University explores which masks are more effective.Spoiler alert: A fitted N95 mask, usually reserved for those in the medical community, performed the best in their test. However, since many Americans do not have access to those and have been using a mix of store-bought or homemade cotton and fabric facial coverings, Duke tested 13 other kinds of masks.The study, which was published Friday, was prompted when a professor at Duke’s School of Medicine was asked to assist a local group buying masks in bulk for the community. According to CNN, the professor wanted to make sure the masks they bought were effective.Researchers gathered 14 kinds of masks, including the professionally-fitted N95 mask, a bandana, homemade cotton varieties, and a surgical mask. They then used a dark room, laser beam and cell phone camera to record how many droplets (which reflect the laser beam light) each mask allows through.For each mask test and the non-mask wearing control test, the speaker was recorded saying “Stay healthy, people” five times. Each mask was tested ten times. 1229

At least three people in Louisiana have died as a result of Hurricane Laura after trees fell onto their homes.Gov. John Bel Edwards said he’s received a report of the first US fatality from Hurricane Laura in Louisiana, a 14-year-old girl who died when a tree fell on her home. 285

As we drive down the eerily deserted Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, the murky waters of the Pearl River Delta stretch as far as the eye can see. There is no land in sight.Spanning 34 miles (55 kilometers), this is the longest sea-crossing bridge ever built. Guo Xinglin, assistant director and senior engineer at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority, meets us half way along. As we are buffeted by a strong wind, the tough conditions his construction crew experienced, as they perched on precarious platforms, working miles from land and high over the water, are evident.Guo is visibly proud of his country's monumental achievement. 647

Attending college from a laptop in your childhood bedroom might not be the experience you had in mind.But just because you’re not living in a dorm this fall doesn’t mean that expenses disappear. Your cost of attendance might have changed if you’re learning remotely due to COVID-19, but colleges will factor at-home or off-campus living expenses into your overall costs.And you can still use financial aid — including student loans — to pay for them.How cost of attendance worksColleges determine their own cost of attendance for each academic year. This amount factors in all of your direct costs including tuition, fees, room and board, as well as estimates for books, supplies, technology and transportation. Schools often have different cost-of-attendance calculations for students who live in dorms, off campus or even in another state.Your financial aid and student loans are applied first toward tuition and fees, then room and board. Any remaining funds are distributed to you to use for living expenses.Your aid package might shift if your cost of attendance changes.For example, you can borrow money only up to the total cost of attendance; if that number goes down, so does the amount you can borrow. And if any part of your aid package is pegged to living on campus and you no longer are, your aid could change.How cost of attendance is different this yearCost of attendance is adjusted annually, but some schools are modifying their calculations due to the pandemic. For example, Williams College, a private school in Williamstown, Massachusetts, reduced its cost of attendance for 2020-21 by 15%. Williams College is planning a hybrid of in-person and remote learning — students can live on campus if they want to.Schools that go fully remote will have few — or no — options for on-campus housing. And that could mean heading back to your parents’ house or finding off-campus accommodations.Your school might break down the cost of attendance according to your living situation. Here’s what 2020-21 looks like at the University of California, Berkeley, for example, where students will attend remotely for the start of the fall semester:Living in a campus residence hall: ,460.Living in an on-campus apartment: ,876.Living in an off-campus apartment: ,920.Living with relatives: ,492.If your school goes remote, the cost of attendance will be modified for all students. But if you have the choice to return to campus and stay home instead, you must let the college know your plans so your cost is adjusted.“It’s actually less expensive if students stay home and take classes remotely,” says William Hudson Jr., vice president for student affairs at Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, which is planning a hybrid approach.Cost of attendance represents the ceiling on what you can borrow. Every dollar you don’t have to borrow is a dollar you don’t have to repay, with interest, down the road. That means if you stay home rent-free or share an apartment with others to save on living costs, you’re way ahead in the long run.Here are some possible college living arrangements you’ll have in the fall and how to pay for them:Living on campus for in-person or online classesIf your school is operating an in-person or hybrid model where you live on campus, your cost of attendance won’t change, which means your financial aid won’t change either.But your campus could close during the school year due to COVID-19. If this happens, as it did to many colleges last spring, your school will likely reimburse a prorated amount for nontuition costs like room, board and facility fees.Multiple schools that are planning to open in person are also moving to remote instruction after Thanksgiving break. Some schools are also staggering move-in dates. Those factors could alter the total cost of room and board you’re paying this semester.For example, at Penn State University, students will start the fall semester in person but switch to remote learning in late November. To reflect this change, the cost of a standard double room was lowered by 7 — from ,427 to ,820 — and the midlevel meal plan was lowered from ,449 to ,193.Living off campus on your own or with roommatesLiving off campus, you won’t have room and board taken into consideration, but you’ll have additional expenses like rent, groceries and utilities. You can use financial aid to pay these bills.Colleges often use regional data and student surveys to come up with estimates for off-campus rent and utilities, and oftentimes those amounts aren’t too different from living on campus, says Jill Desjean, policy analyst at the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. However, your school will always consider living off campus to be cheaper than living on campus.Montclair State University in New Jersey, for example, estimates that housing and meals for in-state students who live off campus will cost ,068 for the fall semester, compared with ,193 for room and board on campus.Living at home with your parentsYour expenses may be lower at home with your parents than living on your own or on campus, but colleges will factor into their estimates the costs your parents take on by having you home, Desjean says.“When you bring that student back in, the lights are on longer, you have to feed them so the cost of food goes up, heating — everything goes up,” Desjean says. You can use financial aid to offset your contribution to increased home bills.And remember that the school’s cost of attendance impacts how much financial aid you can get, but it’s an estimate rather than an exhaustive list. You might need additional technology and equipment to learn more effectively from home, such as a dedicated desk setup and laptop if you don’t have one.How to get more funds for living expensesIf you or your family run into financial difficulty during the school year, ask your school about getting more financial aid. This requires you to submit a financial aid appeal to your school with a letter and to update the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.You might also qualify for emergency aid such as cash grants, completion scholarships, emergency student loans or vouchers.More From NerdWalletWhat Is College Cost of Attendance?7 Kinds of COVID-19 Relief for College StudentsCollege During COVID-19: Your Aid Questions AnsweredAnna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 6470

Attorney General Jeff Sessions revealed Thursday that Utah's top federal prosecutor, John Huber, has been examining a cluster of Republican-driven accusations against the FBI and has decided that no second special counsel is needed -- at least for now.Huber has been looking into allegations that the FBI abused its powers in surveilling a former Trump campaign adviser, and more should have been done to investigate Hillary Clinton's ties to a Russian nuclear energy agency, but his identity had remained a secret.But Sessions' decision to stop short of formally appointing a special counsel like Robert Mueller, detailed in a lengthy written response to threeRepublican chairmen on Capitol Hill, will likely anger those in the GOP who have recently ramped up calls to investigate claims of political bias at the nation's top law enforcement agencies.It also comes one day after the Justice Department's internal watchdog office confirmed?it would review how the FBI obtained a warrant to monitor Trump foreign policy aide Carter Page, as well as the bureau's relationship with Christopher Steele, the author of the Trump dossier.Huber, who currently serves as the US attorney in Utah, may now find himself thrust into the middle of a fierce partisan struggle -- with Republicans arguing anything short of a special counsel is insufficient because the Justice Department cannot investigate its own people, and Democrats maintaining that any allegations of bias are an unfounded ploy to distract from Mueller's investigation into possible coordination between Trump campaign associates and Russian officials.Originally appointed by President Barack Obama in 2015, Huber, along with many other US attorneys, resigned after President Donald Trump took office early last year, but was reappointed by Trump shortly thereafter. 1845