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School fire drills became popular decades ago after several deadly fires triggered changes in safety codes. Today, teachers and children are preparing for something entirely different: mass shootings.A gunman tried to break into a remote Northern California elementary school on Tuesday but officials say, the quick action of school officials "saved countless lives and children."The building went on lockdown, a teacher rushed to block a classroom's door with a computer and students ducked under their desks. Those responses have become the new normal as more schools are being forced to adapt to more elaborate safety measures.Two thirds of schools in the US conduct active-shooter exercises and nearly all of them have a plan if a shooter comes into the school, the Government Accountability Office found in a recent survey of schools."I think everybody, no matter where you are, needs to think about this. If you're in a school, in a college, if you go to the movies we should all be thinking about what are we going to do if a crisis breaks out right here," said Christopher Combs, FBI special agent in charge, after last week's church massacre in Texas.This year, there has been about one mass shooting every single day, according to the Gun Violence Archive, a non-profit that tracks gun-related violence in the US.'You might lock down, you might try to escape'Sara Rounds and her colleagues recently took part in a series of simulated active-shooter scenarios at their western Indiana school."When I did enter teaching, you know, this was not a thought in my head. But this is where we are now," Rounds, a first grade teacher at Jackson Township Elementary in Clay County, Indiana told CNN affiliate WTHI.Through training programs like ALICE -- Alert, lockdown, inform, counter and evacuate -- Rounds and other teachers are learning how to barricade doors with desks and chairs, run away from gunfire and throw everything from pencils to staplers at a potential shooter."It's not really defense techniques, it's not martial arts of any kind. It basically just gives them options," Jeffrey Fritz, the Indiana school's superintendent told CNN affiliate WTHI."You might alert, you might lock down, you might try to escape, it just depends on the situation," he added.But training teachers is just the first step. The school plans to teach students how to make choices during an active shooter situation."We are going to teach this to the kids in a very kind way, not using harsh words, kid friendly, so I think our kids will really grasp on to this," Rounds said. "This is nothing new here to society, it's in the news a lot. They understand what our world is going through unfortunately."Don't freeze, have a planThose who plan for an active shooting situation are more likely to react quickly rather than freeze, said Katherine Schweit, a former senior FBI official and an active shooter expert."We're not talking about making a decision on what to make for dinner. We're making a decision on how to survive," she said.During the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 and the 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Center in New York, people delayed evacuations or denied the possible danger rather than respond, according to a 2013 report released by the Federal Emergency Management Agency."People freeze. And if you train yourself to work past freezing, past the moment of hesitation, you save your life. Or you save a life of another," Schweit added.It is recommended that if possible, Schweit said, that victims caught in shootings run as fast and far as possible."I'm a total believer in run, run, run if you can (to) safety. Because you can't get killed if you're not there. But if you have to hide or fight, you have to be prepared to do that," she added.Other security measuresActive shooter training is relatively new in some schools across the US. For years, schools have employed school safety officers, lockdown drills and implemented security systems that require visitors to sign-in and produce photo IDs.After the Columbine shooting in 1999, schools installed metal detectors and shifted restrooms away from entryways. While just a few weeks ago, a private school in Florida began selling bulletproof panels for its students' backpacks.Schools across the country have also created "threat-assessment teams" to prevent shootings by identifying behaviors like mental illness, drug abuse and disruptive conduct in students.Initially, all Virginia public schools were required by law to create those task forces. But now, dozens of schools across the country have adopted the practice.In 2002, Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas created the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) in partnership with several Central Texas law enforcement agencies to address the need for active shooter training.Since its creation, more than 85,000 law enforcement officers have been trained through the program.  4943

Scientists are proposing an ingenious but as-yet-unproven way to tackle climate change: spraying sun-dimming chemicals into the Earth's atmosphere.The research by scientists at Harvard and Yale universities, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, proposes using a technique known as stratospheric aerosol injection, which they say could cut the rate of global warming in half.The technique would involve spraying large amounts of sulfate particles into the Earth's lower stratosphere at altitudes as high as 12 miles. The scientists propose delivering the sulfates with specially designed high-altitude aircraft, balloons or large naval-style guns.Despite the technology being undeveloped and with no existing aircraft suitable for adaptation, the researchers say that "developing a new, purpose-built tanker with substantial payload capabilities would neither be technologically difficult nor prohibitively expensive."They estimate the total cost of launching a hypothetical system in 15 years' time at around .5 billion, with running costs of .25 billion a year over a 15-year period.The report does, however, acknowledge that the technique is purely hypothetical."We make no judgment about the desirability of SAI," the report states. "We simply show that a hypothetical deployment program commencing 15 years hence, while both highly uncertain and ambitious, would indeed be technically possible from an engineering perspective. It would also be remarkably inexpensive."The researchers also acknowledge potential risks: coordination between multiple countries in both hemispheres would be required, and stratospheric aerosol injection techniques could jeopardize crop yields, lead to droughts or cause extreme weather.The proposals also don't address the issue of rising greenhouse gas emissions, which are a leading cause of global warming.And despite the conviction of the report's authors, other experts were skeptical."From the point of view of climate economics, solar radiation management is still a much worse solution than greenhouse gas emissions: more costly and much more risky over the long run," said Philippe Thalmann of the école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, an expert in the economics of climate change.David Archer of the Department of Geophysical Science at the University of Chicago said, "The problem with engineering climate in this way is that it's only a temporary Band-Aid covering a problem that will persist essentially forever, actually hundreds of thousands of years for fossil fuel CO2 to finally go away naturally."It will be tempting to continue to procrastinate on cleaning up our energy system, but we'd be leaving the planet on a form of life-support. If a future generation failed to pay their climate bill they would get all of our warming all at once." 2830

SANTA MONICA, Calif. (AP) — In the closing days of World War II, a Japanese American set out with other men from the infamous internment camp at Manzanar on a trip to the mountains, where he went off on his own to paint a watercolor and got caught in a freak summer snowstorm.A hiker found Giichi Matsumura's body weeks later, and he was laid to rest in a spot marked only by a small pile of granite slabs.Over the years, as the little-known story faded along with memories, the location of Matsumura's remote burial place was lost to time, and he became a sort of ghost of Manzanar, the subject of searches, rumors and legends.RELATED: San Diego hikers find mystery skeleton in the Sierra Nevada mountainsNow, 74 years later, his skeleton may have finally been found.The Inyo County sheriff's office told The Associated Press it is investigating the possibility that a set of bleached bones discovered earlier this month in the rugged Sierra Nevada is Matsumura's.If those suspicions prove correct, Matsumura will have the rare distinction of having been lost and found twice.His fate is a footnote to one of the darkest chapters in U.S. history, when more than 110,000 Japanese Americans were deemed a security risk and herded into prison camps in remote locations.RELATED: Skeleton discovered beneath Sierra Nevada peakMatsumura, a 46-year-old gardener from Santa Monica, was among about 10,000 who ended up in Manzanar, living behind barbed wire about 185 miles (298 kilometers) north of Los Angeles in a place blazing hot in summer and frigid in winter.Some of the men began sneaking out at night to go fishing for days at a time, evading the spotlight from a guard tower manned by soldiers with machine guns, said Cory Shiozaki, director of the documentary "The Manzanar Fishing Club." The anglers would slip back into the camp with big trout caught in the streams and lakes around Mount Williamson, California's second-highest peak.On July 29, 1945, Matsumura tagged along with six to 10 fishermen on the arduous trek.At the time, Germany had surrendered, and the U.S. was days away from dropping the first of two atomic bombs on Japan that ended the war. People were allowed to leave Manzanar, and the population had dropped by half, said Brian Niiya of Densho, an organization dedicated to preserving the history of Japanese internment.Many stayed behind, however, because their homes had been taken or they feared racism and violence upon their return."It was kind of a black comedy," Niiya said. "They were trying to close the camps and people didn't want to leave. They heard how bad things were on the outside."On the night the snowstorm blew in, the other fishermen took shelter in a cave, and when the weather cleared, they couldn't find Matsumura. Two search parties spent several days looking for him but found only his sweater, Shiozaki said.A month later, Mary DeDecker, a botanist and avid hiker, spotted the remains and reported her find to authorities. A burial party from the camp ascended the mountain, located the body and buried it."It was before the days of helicopters," said DeDecker's daughter, Joan Busby. "They left him up there covered in stones and a blanket."The camp's newspaper, The Manzanar Free Press, reported the story Sept. 8, 1945, on the front page of what was its final issue. Matsumura left behind a wife, a daughter, three sons, a brother and his father, all living in the camp.It's unclear if any family members attended the burial or ever returned to the site.Robert Matsumura, who was born in the camp in 1944, said he only has foggy recollections of his uncle's story, handed down to him by an older generation reluctant to talk about such things."There's a saying: 'Shikata ga nai,' which means, 'If you can't do anything about it, let it go,'" he said.Over the years, rumors abounded of grave robbers, and there was a story that a motorcyclist in San Diego was stopped for driving around with a handlebar-mounted skull from the grave, said Bill Busby, DeDecker's son-in-law.Hikers have written on blogs about searching for the site, and Shiozaki said one of his cameramen looked in vain for the tomb during several trips.Earlier this month, though, Tyler Hofer, a hiker from San Diego, spotted a bleached bone near a lake below Mount Williamson. He and a friend moved rocks away to reveal a skull and an entire skeleton on its back, the arms crossed in what seemed to be a burial pose.Authorities downplayed speculation about foul play. Sheriff's spokeswoman Carma Roper said investigators will conduct DNA tests on the bones, a process that could take two to four months.Matsumura's wife, Ito, was 102 when she died in 2005. The last of their children, Masura, died over the summer at 94, according to his son, Wayne Matsumura.If the bones turn out to be those of his grandfather, he said, there is already a place for them: In a corner of Woodlawn Cemetery in Santa Monica, where his grandmother is buried, a black granite headstone bears her name and that of her long-lost husband. 5045

SAN MARCOS, Calif. (KGTV) - A man was arrested in the North County last month for attempts at trying to abduct young girls, San Diego Sheriff's Department said Thursday.SDSO said deputies arrested Kyle Hackney in San Marcos on August 25 for trying to lure girls into his vehicle by offering them money and/or drugs in exchange for sex. It wasn't made clear when the attempts reportedly occurred.Several victims had been identified and SDSO said they are attempting to find additional victims or witnesses surrounding the case.SDSO asks anyone with information to call Crime Stoppers at 888-580-8477 or the San Diego Human Trafficking Task Force. 658

SANTA ANA (CNS) - A man accused of setting the Holy Fire that burned 23,000 acres in Orange and Riverside counties, forcing thousands of people from their homes, is due in court Wednesday for a preliminary hearing. Forrest Gordon Clark, 51 -- whose criminal case was briefly suspended in August when his courtroom outbursts led a judge to declare a doubt about his mental competency -- remains jailed in lieu of million bail, after pleading not guilty to arson and other charges Dec. 12. Clark's attorney, Nicole Parness of the Orange County Public Defender's Office, argued that Clark's million bail should be reduced because an arson investigator with the Orange County Fire Authority has theorized that another person might be responsible for setting the blaze. RELATED:"It's all a lie!": Arson suspect in Holy Fire appears in courtShe told reporters the investigator cited Michael Milligan, the fire chief of the volunteer Holy Jim Fire Department and a Clark neighbor, as a potential suspect. Parness told City News Service the analysis was ``very well thought out and logical'' and believes prosecutors ignored the suggestion to keep pursuing Clark as the main suspect. Milligan denied the allegation and told CNS he has fully cooperated with investigators and invited them into his home ``to tear it apart, do what you have to do'' so they can rule him out as a suspect. He said he has met investigators three times and turned over his phone, a GPS device and an iPad to authorities. He said he has offered to submit DNA and fingerprints as well. He conceded he was in the area when the fire erupted, saying he was about a mile away from Clark's cabin at the time. RELATED: Holy Fire suspect Forrest Gordon Clark charged with felony arson``There were four people in the canyon, and two people were above the fire and couldn't get back in and had to be rescued by helicopter,'' Milligan said. He said he understands law enforcement must investigate everyone who was in the vicinity of the fire's origin. In court, Parness asked Orange County Superior Court Judge Nancy Zeltzer to read the police report and argued that Clark's mental competency should justify a lowering of his bail. RELATED: Holy Fire suspect exhibits bizarre behavior in court appearanceZeltzer, however, kept bail at million, but noted that if further facts emerge about the case warranting reduced bail, Parness could make her request again. Deputy District Attorney Jake Jondle said the investigator's report mentioning Milligan is just an ``alternative theory,'' but there is ``no credible evidence'' to lead prosecutors to consider it seriously. Prosecutors are ``confident'' Clark is the right suspect, he said. RELATED: Video shows arson suspect talking with investigatorsClark has been the focus of investigators because of a ``combination of things,'' such as text messages he sent to neighbors as well as ``threats made'' to others, Jondle said. Clark could face 10 years to life in prison if convicted of aggravated arson damaging at least five inhabited structures, arson of inhabited property, arson of forest and making criminal threats, all felonies, as well as two felony counts of resisting arrest. In August, Orange County Superior Court Judge Kimberly Menninger ordered Clark to undergo a mental evaluation, saying she questioned his competency to assist in his defense. But on Nov. 28, Judge Michael Murray ruled that Clark was competent, and criminal proceedings were restarted. Initially, a defense expert concluded Clark was mentally incompetent, but a prosecution expert ruled otherwise, prompting Murray to appoint a ``tie-breaker'' expert, who concluded Clark was capable of assisting his attorneys in his defense. Parness has been pressing prosecutors to turn over more evidence in the case. She said she has been pushing to obtain text messages allegedly sent by Clark to neighbors, as well as surveillance video footage. On Aug. 6, the day the Holy Fire erupted, Clark allegedly threatened to kill a neighbor about 7:30 a.m., prosecutors said in a previous motion to deny him bail. As the neighbor walked to his truck, Clark allegedly told him that he `(expletive) with the wrong person,'' according to the motion. ``The defendant stated that he was `crazy' and noted it was `perfect' because he could do anything he wants and get away with it.'' Later that day, he allegedly set fire to his neighbor's residence in Holy Jim Canyon. The Holy Fire ultimately also destroyed 13 other residences. Orange County sheriff's investigator Jennifer Hernandez said in an affidavit supporting the motion to deny bail that Clark ``could be heard on video telling (a victim), `Mark my words, you're gonna die at 12:37... I have 100 percent plausible deniability. You're gonna die. I'm gonna murder you.''' Clark allegedly made at least five ``specific threats'' and``allusions'' to setting fires, according to Hernandez, who said the defendant``appears to believe in the Sovereign Citizen ideology.'' The ideology's supporters ``believe the government does not have the authority to enforce a majority of our laws and taxes,'' Hernandez wrote, adding that not everyone who subscribes to the theory is violent, but law enforcement recognizes it as a ``terrorism threat.'' Orange County sheriff's deputies have had multiple encounters with Clark dating back to 2006, according to Carrie Braun, a spokeswoman for the department. Parness said her client is ``doing better'' since prior court appearances when he was prone to verbal outbursts. ``He understands what's going on and I think he's doing OK'' now, Parness said. ``He's a very nice man, a gentle soul,'' Parness said. ``He's so polite to me.'' 5707