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WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Johns Hopkins University researchers have demonstrated that human liver cells derived from adult cells coaxed into an embryonic state can engraft and begin regenerating liver tissue in mice with chronic liver damage.The work, published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggests that liver cells derived from so- called "induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" could one day be used as an alternative to liver transplant in patients with serious liver diseases, bypassing long waiting lists for organs and concerns about immune system rejection of donated tissue."Our findings provide a foundation for producing functional liver cells for patients who suffer liver diseases and are in need of transplantation," says Yoon-Young Jang, assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. "iPSC-derived liver cells not only can be generated in large amounts, but also can be tailored to each patient, preventing immune-rejection problems associated with liver transplants from unmatched donors or embryonic stem cells." A microsopic view shows human embryonic stem cells in various stages of differentiation into liver cells in this photo taken at Stanford University and released by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009iPSCs are made from adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to revert to an embryonic stem cell-like state, with the ability to transform into different cell types. Human iPSCs can be generated from various tissues, including skin, blood and liver cells.Although the liver can regenerate in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by diseases like cirrhosis and cancers eventually destroy the liver's regenerative ability, Jang says. Currently, the only option for those patients is to receive a liver organ or liver cell transplant, a supply problem given the severe shortage of donor liver tissue for transplantation. In addition, mature liver cells and adult liver stem cells are difficult to isolate or grow in the laboratory, she says. By contrast, iPSCs can be made from a tiny amount of many kinds of tissue; and the embryonic stem- like iPSCs can grow in laboratory cultures indefinitely.For the study, Jang and colleagues generated human iPSCs from a variety of adult human cells, including liver cells, fibroblasts ( connective tissue cells), bone marrow stem cells and skin cells. They found that though the iPSCs overall were molecularly similar to each other and to embryonic stem cells, they retained a distinct molecular "signature" inherited from the cell of origin.

BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- Jia Qinglin, China's top political advisor, urged the municipality of Beijing to intensify efforts to promote the development of service and manufacturing industries.Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, made the remarks during his inspection tour in Beijing from Wednesday to Friday.During the tour, Jia visited factories, construction sites and communities to exchange views with officials and civilians. He also listened to a report from the Beijing municipal government.Beijing has taken the lead in optimizing its industrial structure as the output of its service industry accounts for 75 percent of the revenue from all sectors, according to official sources of the city.Jia encouraged Beijing to continue to promote its service sector by focusing on producer services and expanding the city's service businesses overseas.While visiting Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd., Jia called for the strengthening of technological innovation in order to boost high-end equipment manufacturing.Beijing should turn itself into a center for national technological innovation to contribute to the country's economic development, Jia said.He also stressed the better protection of forest resources and the more efficient use of water to develop modern agriculture.

BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- A governmental decree which prohibits landlords from dividing apartment rooms into smaller booths for rent will take effect Tuesday.The decree, entitled the Regulations on Leasing of Commercial Housing, stipulates that the average living area of rented housing per person shall not be less than the minimum living area per person set by local governments.Besides, the decree forbids the leasing of kitchens, toilets, basements and balconies to be used as sleeping rooms.The decree is one of several governmental regulations which will take effect on Tuesday.The revised invoice regulations and new regulations on reporting of securities and futures news, price monopoly, and sealing up of property papers by government audit departments will also come into effect.The new regulations on reporting of securities and futures news, jointly issued by the General Administration of Press and Publication and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, stipulate that reporters should be prudent in reporting news that might affect investors' prospects and market stability.

LOS ANGELES, April 12 (Xinhua) -- With the help of NASA Telescopes, astronomers have uncovered one of the youngest galaxies in the distant universe, with stars that formed 13.5 billion years ago, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Tuesday.The finding addresses questions about when the first galaxies arose, and how the early universe evolved, JPL noted in a press release.Infrared data from both the Hubble Space Telescope and the post- coolant, or "warm," phase of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope mission revealed that the galaxy's stars are quite mature, which means they must have formed when the universe was just a toddler, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.This challenges theories of how soon galaxies formed in the first years of the universe and could even help solve the mystery of how the hydrogen fog that filled the early universe was cleared, according to astronomers involved in the study.This galaxy is not the most distant ever observed, but it is one of the youngest to be observed with such clarity, JPL said.Normally, galaxies like this one are extremely faint and difficult to study, but, in this case, nature has provided the astronomers with a cosmic magnifying glass, JPL said.The galaxy's image is being magnified by the gravity of a massive cluster of galaxies parked in front of it, making it appear 11 times brighter. This phenomenon is called gravitational lensing."Without this big lens in space, we could not study galaxies this faint with currently available observing facilities," said Eiichi Egami of the University of Arizona in Tucson. "Thanks to nature, we have this great opportunity to see our universe as it was eons ago."The findings may help explain how the early universe became " reionized," according to JPL."Seeing a galaxy as it appeared near the beginning of the universe is an awe-inspiring feat enabled by innovative technology and the fortuitous effect of gravitational lensing," Jon Morse, NASA's Astrophysics Division director at the agency's headquarters in Washington, said in the release."Observations like this open a window across space and time, but more importantly, they inspire future work to one day peer at the stars that lit up the universe following the big bang."