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The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have named their third child Louis Arthur Charles, a choice that confounded expectations.Prince Louis (pronounced Loo-ee) is fifth in line to the British throne, after grandfather Prince Charles, father Prince William and his two older siblings."The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are delighted to announce that they have named their son Louis Arthur Charles," Kensington Palace said in a statement. "The baby will be known as His Royal Highness Prince Louis of Cambridge. 513

The coronavirus pandemic may have started earlier than previously thought, according to scientists from the CDC.A study from government scientists published November 30 appears to confirm what some health experts have suggested, patients infected with COVID-19 were in the US before the beginning of 2020.“The findings of this report suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections may have been present in the U.S. in December 2019, earlier than previously recognized. These findings also highlight the value of blood donations as a source for conducting SARS-CoV-2 surveillance studies,” the report states.The first officially documented case of COVID-19 in the US was reported on January 19, a person who had returned to the US after traveling from China.The World Health Organization was alerted to the novel coronavirus by officials in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019. The CDC researchers say further reports have identified a patient in Wuhan with COVID-19 symptoms as early as December 1, 2019.The study looked at more than 7,000 routine blood donation samples taken by the American Red Cross from people in nine states between December 13, 2019 and January 17, 2020.They found COVID-19 antibodies in 106 samples, mostly from the states of California, Oregon and Washington, from blood collected between December 13-16, 2019. Other samples that indicated COVID-19 antibodies were from Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin taken in early January 2020.“The presence of these serum antibodies indicate that isolated SARS-CoV-2 infections may have occurred in the western portion of the United States earlier than previously recognized or that a small portion of the population may have pre-existing antibodies that bind SARS-CoV-2,” the report states.Scientists acknowledge that patients presenting with what is now known as COVID-19 symptoms before mid-January would likely not have had clinical samples taken or kept because of how new the virus was. Therefore, the CDC used the existing repository collected by the American Red Cross during their routine blood donation process.“These specimens were previously archived for potential future studies to identify emerging transfusion-transmissible infections but were re-purposed for the present study,” researchers stated.Researchers caution that these results are subject to limitations. Although they detected antibodies, that does not mean they are “true positive” COVID-19 tests. In order to get a true positive, a different test would need to be a run. 2545

The demand for mail-in ballots is surging. Election workers need training. And polling booths might have to be outfitted with protective shields during the COVID-19 pandemic.As officials prepare for the Nov. 3 election, one certainty is clear: It’s coming with a big price tag.“Election officials don’t have nearly the resources to make the preparations and changes they need to make to run an election in a pandemic,” said Wendy Weiser, head of the democracy program at the Brennan Center for Justice. “We are seeing this all over the place.”The pandemic has sent state and local officials scrambling to prepare for an election like few others, an extraordinary endeavor during a presidential contest, as virus cases continue to rise across much of the U.S.COVID-related worries are bringing demands for steps to make sure elections that are just four months away are safe. But long-promised federal aid to help cash-starved states cope is stalled on Capitol Hill.The money would help pay for transforming the age-old voting process into a pandemic-ready system. Central to that is the costs for printing mail-in ballots and postage. There are also costs to ensure in-person voting is safe with personal protective equipment, or PPE, for poll workers, who tend to be older and more at risk of getting sick from the virus, and training for new workers. Pricey machines are needed to quickly count the vote.Complicating matters is President Donald Trump’s aversion to mail-in balloting. With worrisome regularity, he derides the process as rigged, even though there’s no evidence of fraud and his own reelection team is adapting to the new reality of widespread mail-in voting.“As cases of coronavirus in this country rise, it’s vital that all voters be able to cast their ballots from home, to cast their ballots by mail,” said Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn.A huge COVID response bill passed by the House in May contains a whopping .6 billion to help states with their elections, but the Senate won’t turn to the measure until late July. Republicans fought a 0 million installment of election aid this March before agreeing to it.But key Senate Republicans seem likely to support more election funding, despite Trump’s opposition, and are even offering to lower a requirement that states put up “matching” funds to qualify for the federal cash.“I’m prepared not only to look at more money for the states to use as they see fit for elections this year, but also to even consider whatever kind of matching requirement we have,” said Roy Blunt, R-Mo., chairman of the Senate panel with responsibility for the issue. “We can continue to work toward an election that produces a result that people have confidence in and done in a way that everybody that wants to vote, gets to vote.”The pandemic erupted this spring in the middle of state primaries, forcing many officials to delay their elections by days, weeks and even months. They had to deal with a wave of poll worker cancellations, polling place changes and an explosion of absentee ballots.Voting rights groups are particularly concerned with the consolidations of polling places that contributed to long lines in Milwaukee, Atlanta and Las Vegas. They fear a repeat in November.As negotiations on the next COVID relief bill begin on Capitol Hill, the final figure for elections is sure to end up much less than the .6 billion envisioned by the House. That figure followed the recommendations of the Brennan Center to prepare for an influx of absentee ballots while providing more early voting options and protecting neighborhood polling places.Even before the pandemic, election offices typically work under tight budgets. Iowa Secretary of State Paul D. Pate, who serves as president of the National Association of Secretaries of State, said the group has been calling on the federal government to provide a steady source of funds, particularly to help address ongoing costs of protecting the nation’s election systems from cyberthreats.For Georgia’s primary last month, election officials spent .1 million of the roughly .9 million the state has received in federal funds. The money was used to send absentee ballot applications to 6.9 million active registered voters and print absentee ballots for county election offices. Some of it also was used to purchase PPE and secure drop-off boxes for counties.Meanwhile, the state elections division has seen a ,000 reduction for the current budget year as Georgia — like the rest of the nation — deals with a decline in revenues due to the pandemic.The state’s remaining federal funds will be used to help cover the costs of developing an online system for voters to request absentee ballots, a less expensive option than sending ballot applications to every voter, and exploring whether installing plexiglass dividers around voting machines could allow more voters in a polling place at one time.In Colorado, which is already a universal vote-by-mail state, the Denver election office has had to reduce its budget by 7.5%, which amounts to nearly 0,000. Jocelyn Bucaro, Denver’s elections director, said the federal funds sent earlier this year helped with purchasing PPE and other pandemic-related supplies.Iowa similarly spent its federal dollars on mail-in ballots and pandemic supplies, Pate said.Vote-by-mail veterans and vendors of the equipment, software, ballots and envelopes that will be needed in November say the window to buy them is quickly closing.“Right now, what I’m seeing in most places is just this kind of indecision. What are we supposed to be planning? Vote by mail or in-person or combination?” said Jeff Ellington, president of Runbeck Election Services, which prints ballots and the special envelopes used to mail them and also supplies high-volume envelope sorters.“Decisions just need to be made so people can start to put a plan into place,” he said.BlueCrest, a Pitney Bowes spinoff, sells high-volume sorting machines that handle up to 50,000 ballot envelopes per hour. That’s the kind of crunch big counties can expect to face on Nov. 3 in states including Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, where Rick Becerra, a vice president at the company, said he’s been talking to officials. The machines average 5,000 each.“I tell them the time is now,” he said.___Cassidy reported from Atlanta. Associated Press writer Frank Bajak in Boston contributed to this report. 6414

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued new guidance that recent studies have indicated that cloth masks offer more protection against the coronavirus than previously thought.Previous guidance suggested that masks were best used for preventing the spread of the virus. The CDC now believes that masks are effective for both stopping the spread and reception of the virus. The CDC said on Tuesday that multi-layer cloth masks can both block up to 50 to 70% of fine droplets and particles and limit the forward spread of those that are not captured. Overall, cloth masks offer up to 80% blockage in human experiments. The CDC’s analysis found that cloth masks offer comparable protection as surgical masks.“Studies demonstrate that cloth mask materials can also reduce wearers’ exposure to infectious droplets through filtration, including filtration of fine droplets and particles less than 10 microns,” the CDC’s guidance said. “The relative filtration effectiveness of various masks has varied widely across studies, in large part due to variation in experimental design and particle sizes analyzed. Multiple layers of cloth with higher thread counts have demonstrated superior performance compared to single layers of cloth with lower thread counts, in some cases filtering nearly 50% of fine particles less than 1 micron.”The guidance says that mandatory mask wearing can help prevent the need to implement economic shutdowns.“Adopting universal masking policies can help avert future lockdowns, especially if combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, hand hygiene, and adequate ventilation,” the CDC said.In an interview with Andrea Mitchell of MSNBC, Dr. Anthony Fauci said that wearing masks is “two-way street.”"Recent data has now shown that as a matter of fact, there's also the added benefit to protect you from droplets and virus that's coming your way," Fauci said Tuesday on MSNBC."“You protect others," he added. "Their masks protect you. And your mask also protects you."In a separate interview on Tuesday, Fauci said that shut downs can be avoided.“We are not talking about shutting down,” Fauci told CNN’s Jake Tapper. “There is always that misunderstanding when we talk about public health measures. We are not talking about shutting down. We are talking about the four or five things I talk about all the time, wearing mask universally, keeping a distance, avoiding congregate settings indoors over outdoors and washing your hands.”Editor's note: A previous version of this story said "masks were best used for spreading the virus" when it should have said "masks were best used for preventing the spread of the virus." That has since been corrected. 2729

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared the way for a generic version of EpiPen to be created.The FDA’s approval for a generic version, which will be created by Teva Pharmaceuticals, could help alleviate issues like high cost for the life-saving allergy medication.Two year ago, prices for EpiPens skyrocketed, as manufacturer Mylan raised rates from less than 0 for a two-pack to close to 0.But new action by the FDA paves the way for a generic form of the drug, so pharmacies can now offer a generic form to customers, without having to call the doctor to write a new prescription."Oh, it's a huge deal for consumers because the current price is astronomical for a drug that you hope never to use,” says Gerard Anderson, a professor at Johns Hopkins University who has testified about drug prices before Congress.EpiPens have been experiencing shortages, made even worse by the back-to-school orders placed by parents. Anderson says this move to create generic forms should help with the supply and bring prices down.“You’re still gonna get the same drug administered,” says Anderson of the generic forms of the medication. “And so, as a consumer, as a parent, I would choose a less expensive alternative.” 1233

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