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MOSCOW, April 12 (Xinhua) -- Does life exist on other planets beyond the solar system? Are there any other planets like the Earth in our universe? And what does the universe look like?On questions related to outer space, human beings have never stopped observing and thinking.Yuri Gagarin, who made the first manned space flight on April 12, 1961, and orbited Earth for 108 minutes before safely landing, opened a window named "space" to humankind. The Soviet cosmonaut's journey continues to be an inspiration for the world to "conquer" space -- but now for more peaceful purposes.After the Cold War, cooperation on space exploration and scientific researches has turned to a more pragmatic way. More and more countries are realizing that space programs are closely linked with their people's lives than ever before.GAGARIN'S LEGACY INSPIRES PEACEFUL COOPERATION IN SPACEThe UN General Assembly adopted a resolution earlier this month that declares April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight. The resolution has been supported by more than 60 countries."Man's space odyssey, the fruitful cooperation of many states in outer space would have been impossible without the very first step, Yuri Gagarin's flight," said Vitaly Churkin, Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.However, the first human space flight was actually a result of competition between the East and the West at the height of the Cold War when the Berlin Wall was built.That competition gradually evolved, however, into a joint space project that has drawn more than 15 nations -- the International Space Station (ISS). Such a project would almost impossible to imagine before.The Mars-500 project in Moscow, aimed at testing the physical and psychological strains on humans during a 500-day journey to "Mars," is another good example of the international cooperation in scientific research. The experiment included six crew members from four countries, including Russia, China, France and Italy.Compared with the times of Gagarin, who died in a 1968 plane crash,mankind has changed its approach to space exploration, rendering it more pragmatic. That's according to cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov, now a deputy head of the Space Flight Center in the Energy Rocket-Space Corporation."Early romanticism and space race have gone. Countries have been replaced by the business-oriented cooperation in the recent decade," Vinogradov told Xinhua.Experts said the scale and costs of space explorations require massive international cooperation."Space programs have been more money-thirsty even than military programs, so the nations seek closer cooperation," Vinogradov said, "and this pays off."STARDUST YIELDS TO PRAGMATISMUnlike 50 years ago, space technologies now are more closely linked to people and more directly affect their daily lives. Nowadays, one just cannot imagine life without satellite TV or GPS.Veteran cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said orbits have become construction sites rather than military facilities and the space industry itself has swiftly evolved into just another sector of the global economy.Echoing Grechko, Vinogradov said space also is a testing ground for many other sectors, including the bio-technological and pharmaceutical industries."What is just as important, outer space has turned into a platform for close, open, and fruitful international cooperation for the benefits of global, universal peace and development," Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said.UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss has said that the newly established International Day of Human Space Flight should serve as an opportunity to reflect on the importance of peaceful use of space to develop essential technologies and scientific breakthroughs."Space technology is used in matters diverse, such as the fight against climate change, against desertification, and against the loss of biodiversity," Deiss said. "The satellite images provided have given essential data when it comes to avoiding the risks of natural disasters."So far, mankind has never stopped making progress beyond the earth's boundaries and the progress itself has never stopped sparking people's imagination about what is possible through the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.What's more, humankind has never stopped the space dream."The task of the government is to inject into the people an ability to dream," said Igor Zadorin, a member of Russia's National Strategy Council.Here is interesting news: NASA's head Charles Bolden arrived in Russia on the eve of Gagarin's flight anniversary and was expected to discuss Russia-U.S. cooperation on a joint flight to Mars by a nuclear-powered spacecraft.What can we expect in the future?

WASHINGTON, April 19 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Tuesday set April 29 as the launch date for Endeavour's final voyage.The date was announced Tuesday at the conclusion of a flight readiness review at Kennedy Space Center. During the meeting, senior NASA and contractor managers assessed the risks associated with the mission and determined the shuttle and station's equipment, support systems and personnel are ready.Liftoff time is 3:47 p.m. EDT (1947 GMT). It will be the 134th shuttle mission overall, the 25th for Endeavour and the 36th shuttle mission to the International Space Station.Endeavour will deliver to the station a 2-billion-dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.Space shuttle Endeavour sits on launch pad 39A with the crew aboard minutes before mission managers scrubbed the launch again at Cape Canaveral, Florida, July 13, 2009.The spectrometer, also designated AMS-02, is a particle physics experiment module that is to be mounted on the station. It is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments will help researchers study the formation of the Universe and search for evidence of dark matter and antimatter.Endeavour's two-week mission was led by Commander Mark Kelly. Other crew include Pilot Greg Johnson, NASA Mission Specialists Michael Fincke, Andrew Feustel and Greg Chamitoff and European Space Agency Mission Specialist Roberto Vittori. Astronauts are planning to step out on four spacewalks to do maintenance work and install new components.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending this year due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.Shuttle Atlantis is set for its final journey into space at the end of June. Its return to earth will mark the official end of the U.S. space shuttle program. After that, the Russian space program' s Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

BEIJING, May 19 (Xinhuanet) -- Google on Wednesday began fixing a security hole in some 97 percent of Android phones that could let hackers snatch important credentials at public WiFi hotspots.The fix, which addresses a hole allowing hackers to access the contacts, calendars and photos on an Android phone connected to an open WiFi network, will take a few days to cover every phone, a Google spokesman said.Unlike a traditional software update, the problem exists on Google's servers, so Android users won't need to manually take action.The newest versions of Android, including the new wave of tablets running its Honeycomb software, are not affected by the bug, according to the researchers at Germany's University of Ulm who initially reported the issue.The vulnerability could also cause devices synchronizing with Google Picasa web albums to transmit sensitive data through unencrypted channels, the researchers added.The Google spokesman said the company's security team is still investigating those claims.

JERUSALEM, May 8 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researcher Jacob (Koby) Scheuer, from the Tel Aviv University (TAU) School of Electrical Engineering, has developed a nano-scale gyroscope, the Ha'aretz daily reported Sunday.Scheuer developed a new optic-fiber nano-sensor four years ago, along with an optic gyroscope that works in conjunction with the sensor. As he developed the devices, it occurred to him that his discovery could be harnessed to surgical needs, virtual reality, or communications, said the report."What we developed here is an optic gyroscope," Scheuer told Xinhua in a recent interview on Sunday, "like the others, but the breakthrough is that we found a way to measure rotation in a very, very small device using the optic sensor."Optic gyroscopes emit light when they rotate, and change its wavelength when there is any change in the speed of rotation, making it possible to measure velocity and position by the differences in light.Scheuer's gyroscope, however, is so small in comparison to the others commonly used in planes, trains and vehicles, that it can be used in cell phones or watches and does not need satellite connection like the ubiquitous Global Positioning System.The applications of this gyroscope and optic sensor are almost endless, as Scheuer puts it."It can be a pill that you swallow and can move through your body to take pictures or release drugs in a localized area," the researcher explained, "or it can be used by a doctor to operate on a patient who is thousands of kilometers away.""Our gyroscope has complete independent navigation capability, which the others don't have," he stressed.Though the new optic gyroscope works in theory, it still hasn't been tried in out in reality. "It will take some time until we can empirically demonstrate our work, I would say about three to five years," Scheuer added.Alongside the gyroscope, Scheuer continues to work on the optic sensor, whose applications can also be found in security, such as an information security system developed by Scheuer to safeguard online information that acts as a key bearer."When both parties have 'the key' it's virtually impossible to hack the information sent," Scheuer noted, terming the development as a "total paradigm change."

SYDNEY, May 24 (Xinhua) -- Australian soldiers and contractors in Iraq might have been exposed to blood-borne diseases such as HIV or hepatitis, as staff at Defense's main hospital unit in the Middle East failed to sterilize surgical equipment properly, local media reported on Tuesday.Fairfax newspapers reported the safety breach occurred at the AL Minhad Air Base in the United Arab Emirates over a 19 month period, from February 2009 to August 2010, but soldiers were alerted to the problem only a week ago.A Defense Department memo to troops has warned that soldiers and contractors who passed through the air base hospital near Dubai should ensure they had their blood screened, The Sydney Morning Herald reported."Personnel who underwent a surgical procedure during that period are possibly at risk of acquiring a blood-borne disease," the memo said.However, the health alert says the risk to Australian Defense Force personnel is low, as blood-borne diseases within the force are rare and personnel are vaccinated against hepatitis.The Defense Force's Surgeon-General, Major General Paul Alexander, wrote the "internal procedural issue" was dealt with by the health system and measures were put in place to prevent a repeat of the error.

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