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As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. A migrant worker walks past a row of new property buildings in Beijing April 4, 2007. As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. [Reuters]The policy requires migrants to get temporary permits, or the much harder to obtain hukou, once they move to the city. These days, a growing number of those who relocate to find better jobs in Beijing tend to stay longer or even resettle with their entire families, according to a study by the Renmin University of China. The investigation revealed that this "floating population" in Beijing, currently at 3.57 million, stays an average of 4.8 years in the city. In addition, over 51 percent of those remain for more than five years while over 41 percent bring the whole family. "It is getting trendier for them to come and reside with the whole family," said Zhai Zhenwu, dean of the School of Social and Population Science. Representing 23 percent of local residents, most migrants live in the nearby suburban areas and villages within downtown. The thriving low-skilled labor market in Beijing has been a major source of jobs for unskilled migrants. Zhai said the most basic jobs in the city offer higher wages that far exceed what migrants would have earned in rural areas. But city life also means a poor quality of life and inadequate social services. For example, statistics show that the urban per capita disposable income in Beijing is five times more than the average in rural areas of neighboring Hebei Province and 6.7 times more than that in Anhui Province. China's hukou system, established in the 1950s, divided the Chinese into two categories: rural and non-rural households. The policy was established to control population migration, largely from rural to urban areas. Under the policy, rural people are not granted social security in cities and are restricted from receiving public services such as education, medical care, housing and employment. On the other hand, their urban compatriots have no access to farmland in the countryside. For years, non-rural residency, especially in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, has been a difficult goal for outsiders, particularly rural migrant workers. According to Zhang Chewei, vice-president of the Research Institute of Population Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, the system needs work. He referred to the "unfair treatment in social recourses and justice, also it hinders market development in both rural and urban areas." For example, each migrant worker must fork over 20,000 to 30,000 yuan (,597 to ,896) for a child to enrol in a local primary or middle school. And they're often turned down if they try to buy affordable homes in urban areas. It is estimated that more than 120 million rural workers live in cities throughout China. "Hukou has played a significant role as basic data provider and identification registration in certain historical periods, but it has become neither scientific nor rational," Zhang said. Reform of the hukou system began in 1992, but the policy remains complicated and unfair for many. Last month, the Ministry of Public Security said the country will reform the system, but did not offer any details. Yu Lingyun, a professor with the Law School of Tsinghua University, called for the system to be abolished. "It is not hukou that has robbed the social welfare of the 'floating population,' but the discriminating system itself, and most fundamentally the limited public finance," Yu told China Daily yesterday. "If not for the hukou system, schools can find other reasons to decline a rural student," he said. "Under current conditions, at least we should not bear any prejudice against them," he said.  

Fifty-two of the 57 speakers at a public forum Thursday opposed the development of a chemical plant in the city of Xiamen, Fujian Province.Provincial authorities had invited residents to share their views and give suggestions on the proposed development of the plant in Haicang district.A further 42 participants will get the chance to voice their views today.Some of those who opposed the scheme are believed to either own or have plans to buy an apartment in Haicang.They argued that Xiamen has long been known for its beautiful scenery and for being one of the most livable cities in China.Other representatives said the government should find a way to balance the economic development of the area with environmental concerns.The authorities put the paraxylene (PX) plant, which was to be built 16 km from the city center, on hold in May after coming under pressure from locals opposed the project.Paraxylene is a highly polluting, cancer-causing petrochemical used to make purified terephthalic acid, a raw material for producing polyester film, packaging resin and fabrics. Health experts have also said it can cause fetus abnormalities.The 10.8 billion yuan (.5 billion) plant for the Tenglong Aromatic PX (Xiamen) Co Ltd was expected to produce 800,000 tons of paraxylene and add about 80 billion yuan a year to the local economy.The authorities started soliciting opinions from the public following the publication last Wednesday of an environmental assessment report by experts from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES).It said public participation was an important step in the environmental assessment of urban planning.The CRAES report advised Xiamen's urban planners to choose between developing Haicang district into a sub-center of the city or creating an industrial zone focused on the chemical industry.It also indicated that creating an industrial zone would require demolishing a number of houses, relocating residents and conducting strict safety controls over the chemical plant.Participants in the forum were chosen by lottery on Tuesday, under the supervision of the Xiamen notary office, from the 624 people who registered online or by calling a hotline number.A further 100 people were selected as alternative representatives. More than 100 people were disqualified for providing invalid ID numbers, the local government website stated.

 New CPC top leaders meet the press at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on October 22, 2007. [newsphoto]The newly-elected top leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with four new faces added to the all-powerful Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Monday promised to "serve the people wholeheartedly" and "promote social equity and justice". Hu Jintao, 64, was reelected Party chief for a second five-year term at the first plenum of the 17th CPC Central Committee, which was attended by the 204 members and 166 alternate members.The central committee was elected at the end of the seven-day 17th National Congress of the CPC on Sunday.Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang joined the nine-member Standing Committee. The others are Hu, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin and Li Changchun.Before taking over as Party chief of Shanghai earlier this year, Xi, 54, was the top Party official in Zhejiang Province and the governor of Fujian.Li Keqiang, 52, is the youngest among the newly-elected. He was the governor of Henan before becoming Party chief of Liaoning.Hu led the new leadership line-up in the Great Hall of the People and introduced the new members to the media Monday."Both Xi and Li are relatively younger comrades," Hu said.He Guoqiang, 63, has established a reputation for his tough stance against corruption since taking over the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee in 2002. He becomes head of the Party's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.Zhou serves as the minister of public security and the first commissar of the Armed Police Force.In his speech, which was televised live nationwide, Hu vowed to do the best "to be worthy of the great trust" of all Party members and live up to the expectations of people."We will be firmly committed to development, which is the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, concentrate on construction and development, make all-round progress in developing the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable," Hu said.He also promised to press ahead with the reform and opening-up, serve the people wholeheartedly and adhere to scientific, democratic and law-based governance."We will pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up."We will develop friendship and cooperation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and push for the building of a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity," he added.Apart from the nine-member Standing Committee, 16 others were named to the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Among those newly elevated are Beijing Mayor Wang Qishan, Commerce Minister Bo Xilai, Jiangsu Party Secretary Li Yuanchao, Tianjin Party Secretary Zhang Gaoli, Chongqing Party Secretary Wang Yang and Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xu Caihou.Liu Yandong, 61, is the only woman in the Political Bureau. She is the vice-chairwoman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the top advisory body.Hu was also named chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CPC at the first plenary session Monday. Guo Boxiong and Xu Caihou were named vice-chairmen.Hu met military delegates to the Party Congress last night. 

UNITED NATIONS -- China's special representative for climate change talks, Yu Qingtai, urged the international community to conduct substantive negotiations aimed at securing a new global post-2012 agreement on climate change by 2009.Speaking at the UN General Assembly debate on climate change, Yu said that the Bali roadmap, adopted at the UN climate conference last December by delegates from nearly 190 nations, is "only a beginning.""The international community must continue with the task of conducting substantive consultations and negotiations, so as to insure a final agreement on the post-2012 international cooperation on climate change within the next two years," he said.Yu emphasized that any framework for future arrangements must be firmly based on the principles established by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, particularly the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.The four building blocks of the roadmap -- mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and financing, are all important components for developing an effective framework for responding to climate change, and should be given equal attention, and none of them should be neglected, he noted.Urging developed countries to further strengthen policies and measures aimed at emission reduction, the special envoy said the concerns by developing countries over adaptation, technology transfer and financing should be addressed in earnest, so that they will have the capacity to make greater contributions to confronting the challenge from climate change."The effectiveness of participation by the developing countries will, to a significant extent, depend on whether the developed countries will take substantive actions on financial and technological assistance," he said. "Effective mechanisms should be set up as soon as possible to insure that measurable, reportable and verifiable assistance be provided to the developing countries with regard to financial resources, technology and capacity building," he said.China takes climate change "very seriously" and have adopted various policies and measures to respond to the challenge, with " noticeable success," he said."While making our own due contribution, we will also help other developing countries to enhance their ability to adapt to climate change," Yu added.Representatives, including some 20 ministers, from more than 100 countries and international organizations attended the two-day high-level session and exchanged views on ways to move forward the negotiating process launched in the Bali conference.

BEIJING -- Timothy Keating, US Pacific Command commander-in-chief, will visit China from January 13 to 16, the Chinese Ministry of National Defence (MND) said on Tuesday.During Keating's China stay, senior Chinese generals and officials from the Central Military Commission, the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou Military Area Command and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will meet him separately, the foreign affairs office of the MND said in a press release.The Chinese officials were expected to widely exchange views with Keating on Sino-US military ties, the Taiwan issue, and international and regional affairs of common concern, according to the press release.The four-day tour would also take Keating to the country's financial hub of Shanghai, and Guangzhou, capital of the southern Guangdong Province. There, he was scheduled to visit the PLA military institutions and bases and hold a seminar with Chinese military officials."China takes positive attitude toward developing military relations with the United States, and hopes Keating's visit could further enhance understanding, expand consensus and boost cooperation, so as to promote the bilateral military ties to grow steadily in the new year," the release said.The MND was consulting with the US side on detailing arrangements of the visit.Keating was visiting China for the second time since being appointed to the post in March. He was last here in May.