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UNITED NATIONS, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Marking 30 years of the HIV- AIDS pandemic, scores of heads of state and government and ministers took to the UN General Assembly podium on Wednesday to list their country's accomplishments and list challenges in the battle.The General Assembly High Level Meeting on AIDS is taking place 10 years after the UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS and also marks five years since signing of the Political Declaration in which UN member states committed to moving towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon UN recalled how three decades ago AIDS was spreading while "Today, we have a chance to end this epidemic once and for all."Now, instead of fear, there is hope, he said."Today, HIV is on a steep decline in some of the most affected countries. Countries like Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe," he said. "They had the largest epidemics in the world, and they have cut infection rates by one quarter.""Globally, more than 6 million people now get treatment," Ban said. "All of these advances come thanks to you and the commitments you made, first 10 years ago and then again in 2006. Today, the challenge has changed. Today, we gather to end AIDS."However, President Joseph Deiss of the General Assembly said 10 million people still have no access to treatment and far too many people were still being infected, adding it was necessary to continue complementary and closely-linked prevention, treatment, care and support measures."We have reached a critical moment in time," he said. "We must take a holistic approach and integrate the response to AIDS into broader development programs."Michel Sidibe, executive director of the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), recalled how 30 years the disease was called the gay plague and slime disease. People were afraid of each other and there was no hope."This image should not disappear. It is part of our history," he said.Sidibe said the AIDS movement was the story of a people breaking the conspiracy of silence, demanding equity and dignity, confronting societies'wrongs, seizing their rights, and making a passionate call for social justice. Since then, a compact had been made between the global North and the South, which had produced lifesaving results.Now, More than 6.6 million people are being treated in low- and middle- income countries, he said, pointing out that since the initial success stories in Uganda and Thailand 56 countries, including 36 in Africa, have been able to stabilize the epidemic and reduce the number of infections significantly.Infections have been reduced by 35 percent in South Africa and by more than half in India, the UNAIDS chief said. In China, the HIV mortality rate had fallen by 64 percent, Sidibe said. Many other countries had reached universal access to treatment.He voiced what was repeated several times, and that was a call for "a transformational agenda" of "zero infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths."To put a personal face on the disease, a woman from Ukraine openly living with HIV, Tetyana Afansiadi, told her story to the delegates.She told how she had been living with HIV and using drugs for 13 years, had hepatitis C for almost 11 years but now has a husband and an 8-year-old son. Neither have HIV.Three years ago she took part in a drug therapy program that has enabled her to live, work, and take care of her son."Drug dependency and HIV-infection require treatment, not prosecution," she said.Given that opioid substitution therapy in her home city had changed the lives of people like her, it was time to stop refusing antiretroviral treatment to people who used drugs.While the heads of states and government and ministers, usually those heading up health departments, spoke in the General Assembly hall under bright lights, scores more of delegates attended five panel sessions and about 40 individual side events.Some samplings from the spotlighted dark-green podium in the great hall:President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, said, "It is time to galvanize member states to commit to a transformative agenda that overcomes the barriers to an effective, equitable and sustainable response to HIV and AIDS."Jose Angel Cordova Villalobos, health minister of Mexico, called for states to implement friendly, non-discriminatory healthcare systems as well as sex education in order to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS."To achieve this, we call to all the countries congregated here today in order that your actions are based in the framework of respect to the human rights and focusing on gender equity, that allow to consolidate an effective response to the HIV/AIDS without stigmas, discrimination, homophobia, transphobia; as well as any type of violence," he said, referring, in part, to transsexuals.The vice president of Mauritius, Monique Bellepeau, said, "The adverse impact of the AIDS epidemic on the socioeconomic progress, particularly in the developing countries, dictates that there is no time for complacency."She added, "After wrestling with AIDS for the past three decades, we are today equipped with a vast body of knowledge and various new tools to urgently complete the task. No less than strict prevention efforts and universal access to treatment, care and support are required."The speeches continue Thursday and on the final day of the three-day meeting, UN member states are expected to adopt a declaration to guide country responses to HIV over the next five years.

TOKYO, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- Japan's H-2A rocket carrying a new information gathering satellite was launched at the Tanegashima Space Center in Kagoshima Prefecture on Friday, local media reported.Japan has already introduced three information-gathering satellites in the wake of a missile launch by Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the latest one will replace the No. 2 satellite which has passed its use-by date, Kydo News said.Japan's H-2A rocket lifts off from the launchiung pad at the Tanegashima space centre in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan's southern island of Kyushu on September 23, 2011. Japan launched a new spy satellite into orbit September 23, officials saidThe development cost of the fourth satellite has reached 35.9 billion yen and its launch expenses have come to 10.4 billion yen, according to the government.The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. were forced to put off the launch three times during the past four weeks due to the approach of a powerful typhoon and discovery of a system glitch. The rocket was initially scheduled to be sent into orbit on Aug. 28.

BEIJING, July 25 (Xinhuanet) -- More than one in three births in the U.S. are  delivered by C-section, which is an all time high and an increase of 25 percent over seven years, according to news reports Monday quoting a new study.Based on data from 19 states, C-section, or Cesarean, deliveries shot up from 27 percent of all births in 2002 to 34 percent in 2009, said the study by HealthGrades.  HealthGrades is an independent health care ratings organization with information on physicians, dentists and 5,000 hospitals in the nation.The study noted that the states with the highest rates are Texas, New Jersey and Florida while Utah, Colorado and Wisconsin are the lowest.Experts hold C-section deliveries are most suitable when vaginal delivery puts the health of the woman or child at risk, but also attributing the reason of increase to convenience, less risk, fertility and general attitudes.However, Divya Cantor, MD, MBA and HealthGrades Senior Physician Consultant. cautioned, "C-sections are rising, and there needs to be a little bit more scrutiny from the person who is having the C-section as well as doctors and hospitals."

SAN FRANCISCO, June 17 (Xinhua) -- A new research released on Friday shows that smartphone users in the United States are consuming more data than ever, growing by 89 percent in the first quarter on a year-over-year basis.According to data from marketing company Nielsen, the amount of data the average smartphone user consumes per month is 435 Megabytes (MB) in the first quarter of 2011, compared with 230 MB in the same period last year.As for the distribution of data consumption, data usage for the top 10 percent of smartphone users is up 109 percent while the top 1 percent has grown their usage by 155 percent from 1.8 Gigabytes (GB) in the first quarter of 2010 to over 4.6 GB this year.The research said consumers with iPhones and Android smartphones consume the most data, which is driven by app-friendly operating systems like Apple's iOS and Google's Android. Windows Phone 7 users doubled their usage over the fourth quarter of 2010 and the first quarter of 2011, perhaps due to growth in the number of applications available.Meanwhile, the cost per MB for smartphones has dropped by 46 percent over the last year, from 14 cents per MB to 8 cents, said the research.According to Internet marketing research company comScore, in the first quarter of 2011, 234 million Americans ages 13 and older used mobile devices, 74,6 million of whom are smartphone users.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Black scientists were significantly less likely than their white counterparts to receive research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), according to an analysis of data from 2000 to 2006.University of Kansas Professor of Economics Donna Ginther was the lead author on the study commissioned by the NIH, which will appear Friday in journal Science.The researchers found a 10 percentage point gap in research funding -- even after taking into consideration demographics, education and training, employer characteristics, NIH experience and research productivity. For example, for every 100 grants submitted to NIH, 30 grants from white applicants were funded, compared to 20 grants for black applicants.Applications for NIH funding go through peer review that considers the significance, innovation and approach of grant applications, the investigator(s) and the research environment. About half of the applications are determined to be worth scoring. Among those scored, budgets and NIH Institutes priorities determine which applications are funded. Priorities can vary by year and by Institute.The study found that applications from black researchers were less likely to be scored and on average had worse scores. After controlling for the score of the grant, there were no race or ethnicity differences in funding.Applicants self-identify race, ethnicity and gender, but that information is not available during the peer review. However, biographical facts that are included in the review materials can provide clues to the identity of the applicants.The research suggests it is possible that cumulative advantage may explain the funding differences."Small differences in access to research resources and mentoring during training or at the beginning of a career may accumulate to become large between-group differences," the paper says.Additionally, the paper suggests further research is needed to determine why black researchers are less likely to be funded.NIH Director Francis Collins and Principal Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak call the findings unacceptable and commit to immediate action by the NIH."NIH commissioned this study because we want to learn more about the challenges facing the scientific community and address them head on. The results of this study are disturbing and disheartening, and we are committed to taking action," said Collins in an accompanying commentary. "The strength of the U.S. scientific enterprise depends upon our ability to recruit and retain the brightest minds, regardless of race or ethnicity. This study shows that we still have a long way to go."NIH initiated the study in 2008 to determine if researchers of different races and ethnicities with similar research records and affiliations had similar likelihoods of being awarded a new NIH research project grant.