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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Teachers across the U.S. are working to diversify the books in their classroom libraries, according to Harvard University and Collaborative Classrooms."It’s been more than 50 years since literacy experts first stressed the need for more diverse books in the classroom, and yet reading lists look surprisingly the same as they did in 1970," an excerpt from Harvard Ed Magazine reads.Mother Tancy Campbell wasn't exposed to characters who were African American growing up."It wasn't until high school that I started seeing books that had people that looked like me and started getting into black authors like Toni Morrison and Maya Angelou," Campbell says.Third-grade Teacher Kyle Luciani noticed the disparity last year when he started looking through his own classroom library. He went to work last year adding to his library. "I noticed almost all characters are animals or white," Luciani said. "I have books about biographies, about Jackie Chan, about Oprah Winfrey. Books on civil rights leaders ... Books such as don’t touch my hair, books on awareness of cultures."He said after George Floyd died, he added 0 worth of books on diversity and culture to his classroom.Last year, Luciani said he saw the electric change in his students."They love them! I mean I don’t think they’re always aware, 'Oh, it's someone of color,' but it's cool seeing them drawn to them automatically," Luciani said.In a 2015 Collaborative Classroom Diversity Review Book Project, 59% of books in more than 200,000 classrooms across the country had white characters and about 90% of authors were white. A team member of the project said this makes children of other ethnicities feel invisible or insignificant.Licensed psychologist Dr. Michelle Carcel is Latina and trained to teach diversity and inclusion courses. "I certainly take this to heart. It is so important to identify with others who are like you and you can see similarities and so you can also see diversity as a welcoming thing," said Carcel.Campbell believes diverse books will shape the future."I think it gives them confidence that they're the center of the story, I think that it shows them a hero can look like them," said Campbell. "I think it gives them stories of their background, that they might not have known before of their history and their culture that they didn't learn from their parents or grandparents."She has a diverse home library for her 9- and 5-year-old children. She said the latest book they read is about a girl in Africa who has to walk a long way to find water, bring it home, and boil it before she can take a sip. She said her daughter was touched by the book and filled with gratitude we have access to clean drinking water.Carcel said diverse books like this can break down systemic racism and heal generational trauma. 2829

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The California GOP Sunday endorsed neither of the two Republican frontrunners in the gubernatorial race. In order to earn the endorsement, one of the candidates, either Travis Allen or John Cox, had to get 60 percent of the delegates' votes. During the first vote, Cox received 55.3 percent of the vote while Allen earned 40.5 percent of the vote. A motion to change the rules of the convention was brought up by supporters of Cox, but the motion failed, leaving both candidates without the endorsement of their party.  567

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The local ACLU is now firing back at ICE officials after news broke Tuesday of a new measure in place of blocking certain calls from detainees’ being housed at the Otay Mesa Detention Center.“For the government to interfere with the people's ability to make those calls and advocates abilities to receive those calls is deeply troubling,” said ACLU senior staff attorney Mitra Ebadolahi. She’s now sent a letter to both ICE and ICE’s contractor, CoreCivic, demanding answers and writing in part, "…legally, these blockages may violate the constitution."On Tuesday, Alex Mensing with Pueblo Sin Fronteras said his number was blocked along with numbers to another immigrants rights' activist group, Otay Mesa Detention Resistance. Mensing told ABC 10 News, “Last time I checked, in the United States we're not supposed to censor people's ability to denounce abuses, to denounce medical negligence, to denounce physical assault by guards…by private prison guards or ICE officers against the people.”The Otay Mesa Detention Center has come under fire for allegations of poor health conditions and abuses inside as hundreds of people being housed there were testing positive for COVID-19.“Without more information, it does appear that his kind of blockage is either retaliatory or at least viewpoint discriminatory,” added Ebadolahi.The ACLU is demanding that ICE remove the blockage and offer a response by next Tuesday.CoreCivic referred ABC10 News to ICE which sent a statement Wednesday reiterating part of a statement from Tuesday which reported that it temporarily blocked detainee calls to a specific San Diego area phone number after calls resulted in disruptive behavior from detainees. The full statement from Wednesday is below.“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has temporarily blocked detainee calls at Otay Mesa Detention Center (OMDC) to a specific San Diego area phone number after detainee calls to this number resulted in detainees exhibiting highly disruptive behavior, threatening the health and security of other detainees and employees at the facility.""ICE fully respects the rights of those in our custody to peacefully express their opinion without interference. This action was taken out of concern for the safety of those in our custody. ICE takes very seriously the safety and well-being of those in our care and will take all necessary steps in order to ensure the continued safety of both detainees and staff. San Diego ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) management will continue to monitor the situation. Temporary blocked phone calls may be restored when deemed safe to do so.""All ICE facilities provide detainees with reasonable and equitable access to telephones. Detainees are further allowed to make free calls to an ICE-approved list of free legal service providers for the purpose of obtaining initial legal representation.""ICE remains fully committed to ensuring that those in our custody reside in a safe, secure environment, and that our staff and facility adhere strictly to the National Detention Standards (NDS) [ice.gov]. These standards protect communities, staff, contractors, volunteers, and detainees from harm by ensuring facility security is maintained and that situations that could pose a risk of harm are mitigated. OMDC maintains and routinely evaluates comprehensive security and safety guidelines to ensure facility security and control.” 3442

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The arsonist who rammed his car into the Raytheon building and set fire to a La Jolla home learned his sentence Tuesday. Daniel Mackinnon, 37, will spend seven years in prison for crimes the Assistant U.S. Attorney described as “politically-motivated.” Early on the morning of Apr. 24, Mackinnon went to the home of a prominent real estate developer. Two adults and three small children were home asleep at the time, prosecutors said. RELATED: Driver arrested after car crashes into defense contractor building in Kearny MesaMackinnon “poured an accelerant onto the door and ignited it,” officials said. “Investigators found remnants of a plastic water bottle, a pry bar and a bottle cap at the scene.” DNA evidence from the bottle cap helped tie Mackinnon to the crime. There were no reports of any injuries. Later the same morning, Mackinnon drove into the Kearny Mesa offices of Raytheon, a defense contractor. The car bounced back, and Mackinnon got out, opening his back hatch, prosecutors said. Moments later, flames erupted from the back of the car and damaged the office building. RELATED: Man accused of slamming into Raytheon building federally chargedMackinnon drove into Mexico but was arrested the same day as he tried to re-enter the United States at the Otay Mesa port of entry. Prosecutors did not provide details about the political motivation for Mackinnon’s crimes. He had previously committed petty crimes in the early 2000s, including “remaining at the scene of a riot after being arrested at a Southern Kalifornia Anarchist Alliance May Day demonstration,” officials said. Mackinnon faced a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison. 1678

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