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The mystery isn’t why so many people file for bankruptcy each year. It’s why more people don’t.Each year, only a fraction of the Americans who could benefit financially from bankruptcy actually seek relief. Economists say some don’t file because collectors aren’t aggressively pursuing them, while others may strategically delay filing because bankruptcy could benefit them more down the road.Many bankruptcy attorneys have a much simpler explanation: Fear, a lack of information and misplaced optimism keep people from getting a fresh start.A temporary pauseAbout 14% of U.S. households — or roughly 17 million — owe more than they own, according to Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimates. Many of these households could benefit from having their debts wiped out, but fewer than 1% of U.S. households actually file for bankruptcy each year. Last year, there were 752,160 personal bankruptcy filings. Researchers refer to this gap as “missing bankruptcies” — the filings that could be happening, but aren’t.Now, there’s an additional set of missing bankruptcies: the cases people normally would have filed in recent months, but haven’t. Bankruptcy filings dropped dramatically in the second quarter of this year, to about 60% of the average for the previous five years.Courthouses were shuttered by pandemic closures, which made it harder for creditors to pursue foreclosures and wage garnishments. Those are two big drivers of consumer bankruptcy filings, says David Cox, a bankruptcy attorney in Lynchburg, Virginia, and co-author of “Consumer Bankruptcy: Fundamentals of Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.”Borrowers have benefited from various forms of coronavirus relief, such as suspended payments on federal student loans, mortgage forbearance and expanded hardship options for loans and credit card accounts. The 0 weekly bump in unemployment checks, which expired in July, also kept many people afloat, Cox says.Lower jobless benefits, along with the reopening of courts and continued high unemployment, mean the lull in bankruptcy filings is likely temporary, says Jenny Doling, a bankruptcy attorney in Palm Desert, California, who serves on the American Bankruptcy Institute’s Chapter 13 Advisory Committee.She worries that people will wait too long to file. Too often, people drain retirement funds or other assets that would be protected in bankruptcy to pay debts that will ultimately be erased, she says. Putting off bankruptcy also can make it harder to come up with the ,500 needed to file a typical case.You won’t lose everythingCox says many of his clients delay filing because they fear they will lose cars, homes and other property. They are pleasantly surprised that they aren’t stripped of everything they own, he says.“There’s a misunderstanding about how bankruptcy works and what it would take from you,” Cox says.The vast majority of people who file the most common type of bankruptcy, Chapter 7, don’t have to give up any of their possessions. The types and amount of property you can keep vary by state, but typically include clothing, professional tools, wedding rings and at least some equity in your home. A few thousand dollars of equity in a car is usually protected as well. If you have assets that wouldn’t be protected in Chapter 7, you could file for a Chapter 13 repayment plan instead.You can get credit againA bankruptcy filing remains on your credit reports for up to 10 years. But credit scores can start to recover soon after you file. It’s possible to get a VA or FHA mortgage two years after a bankruptcy. Most loans require you to wait at least four years.People can start to rebuild credit a few months after their bankruptcy case is discharged by getting secured credit cards, which require a deposit, or credit-builder loans, available from some credit unions, community banks and online.The problem with anxiety — or unrealistic optimismDebt often leads to anxiety and depression that makes taking action difficult, Cox says. Many of his clients arrive at their first meeting with grocery sacks full of unopened bills.But misplaced optimism can also be a problem. The same hopefulness that causes people to take on too much debt also can lead them to put off the reckoning, he says.“You always think, ‘Our income’s going to increase, things will be better going forward,’” Cox says.Anyone struggling with debt now should consider consulting a bankruptcy attorney, Doling says. The first visit is often free, and referrals are available from the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys. Consulting with an attorney doesn’t obligate you to file, but it could help you avoid expensive mistakes if you later decide that’s your best option.“The people who do much better in bankruptcy are the ones who came in and got advice early on,” Doling says.This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by the Associated Press.More From NerdWalletSmart Money Podcast: Used Cars in Short Supply, and Shea Couleé Talks About MoneyHow Frugal Fashionistas Can Stay on TrendAre Medicare Advantage Plans Worth the Risk?Liz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 5211

The gunman who killed 12 people at the Borderline Bar & Grill in Thousand Oaks, California, was a 28-year-old veteran of the US Marine Corps who had previous run-ins with the law, officials said.Here's what we know about Ian David Long so far: 255

The Houston Rockets have traded Russell Westbrook to the Washington Wizards for John Wall and a future lottery-protected, first-round pick. Both teams announced the trade Wednesday night. The move ends Westbrook’s tenure in Houston after just one disappointing season. Westbrook was traded from Oklahoma City for Chris Paul and draft picks in July 2019.Westbrook's Rockets defeated Paul's Thunder in the first round of the NBA Playoffs during the summer, but lost to the Clippers in the next round, only winning one out of five games in the series. Westbrook is a nine-time NBA All Star, and was the league's MVP in 2017. Wall had a string of five straight All-Star appearances before injuries the last two seasons held him back. 738

The owner of Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams, Jeni Britton Bauer, turned to social media to demand that FedEx cut ties with the National Rifle Association.Bauer has shops in ten cities across the country - and is based in Central Ohio.On Monday, Bauer expressed her concern on Instagram, saying she would be willing to stop using the service if they didn't stop supporting the NRA.The caption stated:@fedex @fedexhelp #teamjenis loves you! But we’re not playing around. Our customers are demanding action from us. Drop your support of the NRA or we will be looking at other options. That’s almost 100,000 shipments — and more projected this year. 649

The majority of Americans typically don’t use all their paid time off. That’s been a worrying trend in past years that could lead to potential burnout or resentment as employees don’t take full advantage of compensation they’re entitled to.But in a year where people traveled significantly less than they used to, millennials are actually taking more time off for the 2020 holidays than they did in past years.This December, 50% of millennials say they plan on taking more time off from work than previous years. And these days, it’s mainly to de-stress from 2020. That’s according to data collected as part of the December 2020 Amex Trendex report, which in November 2020 polled 2,000 U.S. adults who traveled by air at least once in 2019 and have an annual household income of at least ,000.That demographic includes people like Jeff McNeal, a self-described “prototypical millennial side hustler” who works full-time as a project manager for a commercial roofing company and runs a small business selling crickets online. It’s been a year of ups and downs for Pennsylvania-based McNeal, who said business at his roofing company tanked early in the pandemic when most business came to a standstill. But regular roof work still needs to get done, which led to twice the usual work in the second half of the year.“In mid-July, people started asking for site visits,” McNeal says. “I was finally getting work, which was great. But then next thing I know, I’m getting too much business. Now, I’m like, how am I going to get this all scheduled? We were working weekends, second shifts and oddball hours. But we had to because we were trying to make up for a lost quarter of revenue.”His cricket business has had equal ups and downs. All that, plus 35-year-old McNeal is a dad of three kids under the age of nine.“During the last two weeks of December, all I’m doing is lounging around my house in my sweatpants,” he says. “I’ll do some occasional chores, but aside from that, I plan on sleeping in and getting caught up with TV shows I’ve missed out on and books I haven’t had a chance to read.”De-stressing from everything 2020When Teena Merlan takes a staycation, it’s typically one day off at a time for self-care, like a trip to the spa. This December, spas are closed where she lives in California due to COVID-19 restrictions. Instead, she’s taking time off from her job working in product management at a startup to stay at home. She has no plans of how she’ll spend the time, aside from putting the finishing touches on a book about minimalism that she’s set to publish soon.“This year has been so difficult,” Merlan says. “What wasn’t stressful about 2020? The election. Civil unrest. Pandemic. Family issues. My husband’s company had layoffs. Any one of those things is difficult on its own, but with everything piled on top of everything else, it’s just a heavy burden.”Merlan said this year made her even more aware of the fact that no job is ever secure, which in turn also made her more aware of the importance of one of her company’s benefits — unlimited paid time off.“I want to take advantage of being able to take time off and still get paid for it,” she says. “I just really need to unwind.”Staycations at a hotel, 15-minutes awayCorritta Lewis was one of the millions of Americans who lost her job during the pandemic. With no job, Lewis packed up her family and moved to Mexico — a big reason being that she said she could reduce her cost of living by 75%.While Mexico has been a positive for Lewis and her family, it’s also brought its own challenges: She’s already gone through two hurricanes in the four months since living there, and she’s learning to adapt to cultural differences, like the fact that her new home has no oven (something common to Mexican homes).Since moving to Mexico, she’s found a California-based job that allows her to work remotely. While she’s relieved to have a job, she’s now navigating working at a new company, living in a new country and raising a two-year-old.Lewis, who runs a travel blog on the side, will still be “traveling” in a sense this December, but there’s no airplane — or even a car — involved. Lewis, her wife and son will spend the holidays at an all-inclusive resort located just a 15-minute walk from their home.Lewis doesn’t usually stay at all-inclusive hotels, and she describes herself as “kind of cheap.” But with no need to cook or clean, plus free babysitting services at the resort, Lewis decided it was worth it to end 2020 on a more relaxing note.Still, she wonders if taking time off so quickly after starting a new job is the right thing to do.“There’s a little bit of guilt there, even with the full disclosure to my company that this was planned ahead of time,” she says. “But especially this year, we’ve learned how important it is to spend time with family.”Millennials are catching up to older generationsIt’s not that people don’t take days off because they don’t have paid time off available. On average, employees earned 23.9 days of PTO in 2018, according to 2019 research from the U.S. Travel Association, Oxford Economics and Ipsos. But those days aren’t being used, and U.S. workers are actually using a lesser share of their days off — 27.2% of PTO went unused in 2018, up from 25.9% in 2017.Still, the bulk of vacation days that are used are being taken by older workers. Only 21% of millennials took 10 to 19 days off in 2018 versus 35% of baby boomers. So, in some ways, millennials are simply catching up to older generations in terms of taking time off.A millennial trendBut the trend of taking time off of work specifically to de-stress in December is largely unique to millennials. While 50% of millennials said they’d be taking more time off work this December than in previous years to de-stress from 2020, just 31% of all adults surveyed said the same.Consider it one more thing to add to the list of positive trends to come out of 2020, like waived airline change fees, improved hotel cancellation policies and better airplane sanitization. And perhaps more encouraging — those same millennials are already planning travel for the 2021 holiday season.“I’m excited for my staycation because I can lounge around, but this won’t be permanent,” McNeal says. “I want to get out again.”For Lewis, that means achieving a goal to hit every Legoland theme park in the world. They visited Legoland California during the 2019 holiday season and managed to get to Legoland Florida during the pandemic. Next year, she hopes it’s safe to travel beyond North America, as she’s got her eyes on the theme parks in Japan and Denmark.“We want to travel around the world,” Lewis says. “Our destinations may change slightly, but we are absolutely going to do it.”More From NerdWalletNerdWallet Travel Writers Offer Their 2021 ResolutionsChange of Plans: How the Pandemic Disrupts Holiday TravelHow to Make Use of the Points and Miles From a Deceased Family Member’s AccountSally French writes for NerdWallet. Email: sfrench@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @SAFmedia. 7053

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