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WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations dropped 29.5 percent nationally over the past decade, according to a study by Yale physicians to be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The risk-adjusted rate of heart failure hospitalization fell from 2,845 to 2,007 per 100,000 person-years from 1998 to 2008 in a fee-for-service Medicare claims analysis by Dr. Jersey Chen of Yale University and colleagues.The team also found that the rate of hospitalization for black men dropped at a lower rate, and that one-year mortality rates declined slightly during that period, but remained high.HF imposes one of the highest disease burdens of any medical condition in the United States and the risk increases with age. As a result, HF ranks as the most frequent cause of hospitalization and re-hospitalization among senior Americans. HF is also one of the most resource-intensive conditions, with direct and indirect costs in the United States estimated at 39.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2010.The study showed that the HF hospitalization rates varied significantly from state to state. The decline in the hospitalization rate from 1998 to 2008 was significantly higher than the national average in 16 states and significantly lower in three states (Wyoming, Rhode Island and Connecticut).Chen and his team also found that risk-adjusted one-year mortality decreased from 31.7 percent to 29.6 percent between 1999 and 2008, a relative decline of 6.6 percent, with substantial variation in different states."Because of the substantial decline in HF hospitalizations, compared to the rate of 1998, there were an estimated 229,000 fewer HF hospitalizations in 2008," said Chen in a statement, adding that with a mean HF hospitalization cost of 18,000 dollars in 2008, this decline represents a savings of 4.1 billion dollars in fee-for-service Medicare."The overall decline in the heart failure hospitalization rate was mainly due to fewer individual patients being hospitalized with heart failure rather than a reduction in the frequency of repeat hospitalizations," said Chen.

BEIJING, Dec. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- For many multinational firms, the past 10 years in China have not only marked the rise of the world's second-largest economy but have also been a decade of expansion and profit growth.As they look back at this "golden decade", which is often used to describe the days after China entered the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, their early expectations and ambitions in a more liberalized Chinese market were found to be more than fulfilled.When German auto giant BMW set foot on the Chinese mainland by establishing its first office in Beijing in 1994, its products were still far too luxurious for ordinary Chinese.In 2001, only 6,500 vehicles were sold under the BMW and Mini brands in China.NYK Diana, a container ship, anchors at Qingdao Port in East China's Shandong province on Thursday, as workers load cargo.But sales started to pick up with China's WTO entry, when the removal of trade barriers brought unprecedented economic growth and a booming market.In 2010, the vehicle maker, which started a joint venture with the domestic Brilliance China Automotive in 2003, sold 169,000 vehicles in China.That record is set to be broken this year as more than 170,000 cars were sold only in the first three quarters."We are both beneficiaries and firm supporters of the open market system," said Christoph Stark, president and CEO of BMW's Greater China region.By liberalizing its market, China, which celebrated the 10th anniversary of its WTO accession on Sunday, has become a thriving market and a savior for foreign enterprises hit hard by the global downturn.In 2009, when General Motors declared bankruptcy in the United States amid the global recession, its Chinese branch saw sales rise 66.9 percent year-on-year to more than 1.8 million units.In 2010, China overtook the United States to become GM's largest national market.The list of similar companies is extensive, as China's decade-long membership of the WTO has helped the Asian powerhouse attract 347,000 foreign firms with investment of more than 0 billion in the past 10 years.Chong Quan, deputy representative for China's international trade talks, said foreign enterprises made more than 0 billion in profit in the 10-year period, with an average annual increase of 30 percent."The accession to the WTO has made China a more transparent, safe and predictable market, as well as an essential part of the global economy," said Dominique Poulique, president of Alstom China.The French power engineering and train company, with more than 30 entities and about 10,000 employees in China, is one of the major foreign suppliers to the Chinese rail transport market."Rapid changes took place in China in the past decade, with its massive investment in infrastructure construction and notable development in energy," Poulique said.Wang Zhile, director of the research center of transnational cooperation under the Ministry of Commerce, said increasing shared interests between China and multinationals are putting them into an inseparable community, one that has found win-win solutions in the past decade.There is also high-quality labor at a relatively low cost, including white-collar workers, he added.Admittedly, the huge market and rich resources have powered up multinational firms in global competition, especially during and after the financial crisis.Forty-nine percent of the responding multinational companies had higher expectations for China in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, according to a recent survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, a business information arm of the Economist Group.Although showing signs of a slowdown, China's economy is still widely expected to grow by more than 8 percent next year, at a time when debt and financial instability are weakening growth in other leading economies.Poulique said he expected China's rapid growth to continue into the next decade, especially in the infrastructure construction market."For Alstom, the top task here is to keep adapting to the changing business environment," he said.Many foreign companies are moving research and development facilities to China in the hopes of making it a base for talent and technology.In Shanghai, 347 multinationals have set up regional headquarters, with the establishment of 333 foreign-funded research and development centers.

ADDIS ABABA, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) -- China on Saturday delivered portion of the first batch of emergency food assistance to Ethiopia.Wei Hongtian, Charge d'Affairs at the Chinese Embassy in Ethiopia, handed over the assistance certificate to Wondirad Mandefro, Ethiopian State Minster of Agriculture, in a ceremony held at the Office of the Ethiopian Disaster Risk Management Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.The handover was witnessed by Ahmed Shide, Ethiopian State Minister of Finance and Economic Development, and Qian Zhaogang, Economic Counselor at the Chinese Embassy in Ethiopia as well as officials and diplomats from the two countries.The charge d'affairs said the Chinese government has decided to provide Ethiopia with two batches of gratis emergency food aid valued at some 24 million U.S. dollars, as part of humanitarian assistance to the people affected by drought in the Horn of Africa region, about which the international community is concerned much.Months ago, China pledged to provide humanitarian aid to drought affected people in Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti.The 2011 drought in the Horn of Africa region has affected livelihoods of over 12 million people in countries of the region including Ethiopia.In this move, China has delivered large quantities of wheat to Ethiopia, and it is put in the central warehouse in Adama town, 90 km away from Addis Ababa, as the first batch of the 8,139.4 tons of wheat and 715.15 tons of rice donated by the government of China, said Ethiopian State Minister of Agriculture.According to the minister, the Chinese government has pledged around 20,000 tons of emergency food valued at 24 million dollars.Wei said China attaches great importance to the agriculture development and the food security in Africa. He said China has engaged itself in various agricultural cooperations with African countries including Ethiopia, in different channels."In the future, besides food assistance, China's agricultural cooperation with Africa will focus on technology demonstration, personnel training, infrastructure construction, promotion of agricultural production and trade, and experience sharing agriculture development," said the Charge d'Affairs.The rest portion and the other batch of the emergency food assistance pledged by China is expected to come in November and December.Wei assured that the rest batches of emergency food aid would come to Ethiopia on schedule. The Ethiopian state minister said the Chinese government is one of those donors that demonstrated its strong friendship with the Ethiopian government and its people by extending appreciable humanitarian support at critical time."The recent donation of 100, 000 U. S. dollars by a Chinese private company, Huajin Group Ltd, for food aid is a manifestation that even private companies join us in our efforts to containing problems associated with such natural disasters," said Wondirad."Despite a steady economic growth achieved these past eight years in Ethiopia that reached an average of 11 percent annually and our continued efforts to maintain and accelerate the momentum through the GTP, we are confronted by climate change induced disasters, of which drought remains the major one," said the minister."While reducing disaster risk and vulnerabilities through development interventions, the government of Ethiopia in collaboration with its partners is taking all the necessary measures towards further enhancing its early warning and response system with the view to reducing potential impacts of disasters, including that of drought enhanced preparedness and provision of timely and appropriate responses."The government of the People's Republic of China has been one of our major development partners supporting us in all these efforts," he added.The state minister commended the Chinese government and its people for standing with Ethiopia shoulder to shoulder at the critical time by donating appreciable size of emergency food aid.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ethiopia will host the 13th World Congress on Public Health (WCPH) in April 2012, the Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) said on Wednesday.The meeting will be held on April 23-27 under the theme: "Moving towards Global Health Equity- Opportunities and Treats".Speaking on the 22nd annual meeting of EPHA held here on Wednesday EPHA President Tewabech Bishaw said about 3,000 participants, including public health students from all over the world are expected to take part in the meeting.He said that preparations are well underway to successfully conduct the meeting.

来源：资阳报