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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- At the Sycuan Visitors Center in El Cajon, you'll find pieces of history on display. Tools, clothing, baskets, even instruments, all tracing their origin to the Kumeyaay people."We were very important in shaping this landscape, so we developed the landscape and the landscape developed us," said Ethan Banegas, who teaches Kumeyaay history and is Kumeyaay himself.The Kumeyaay people live on 12 reservations in southern California and six in Mexico. Their history is rooted deeply in the San Diego area."We have old village sites all over. Old Town, where the first mission was, was an old village called Kasoy, " Banegas explained. According to Banegas, at one point, the Kumeyaay people lived from the desert to the mountains to the ocean and numbered between 30 and 50 thousand.RELATED: Native American tribes join to celebrate life and heritage at San Diego powwowBy the late 1800s, historians estimate the Kumeyaay population had dwindled to as low as 1000. Even as numbers started to rebound, the language and music continued to fade. Banegas says at one point traditional singers had all but disappeared. However, there was a resurgence in the 1960s that continues today."We have a whole generation learning these songs that were basically gone."As for the language, there are only about a dozen speakers left in the U.S. and a few dozen more in Mexico. But there's an effort underway to teach young people and keep it alive. Banegas says a turning point for many tribes was gaming, which provided an economic solution to the severe poverty many people experienced on the reservations. Today Banegas and others are using education to keep their culture alive and hope that during this Native American heritage month, San Diegans take time to remember the people who've called this land home for thousands of years. 1849

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As President Trump and Democratic lawmakers battle over funding for the president's border wall project, construction at the border is already slated to begin early this year.Texas-based construction company SLSCO was awarded 7 million last month for a series of wall projects along the U.S.-Mexico border in California beginning in February. The contracts include up to 14 miles of secondary wall and 15 miles of primary pedestrian replacement wall in the San Diego, Yuma, and El Centro sectors.A Border Patrol spokesperson said construction of a primary pedestrian wall was already approved, though could not comment as to whether secondary wall construction was previously approved or tied directly to President Trump's Executive Order for a continuous border wall.RELATED: Roughly 150 migrants attempt to climb border fence, throw rocks at Border Patrol agentsIn February 2019, construction on 14 miles of secondary wall will start adjacent to San Diego's primary fence replacement project that is currently underway. That primary fence construction began in June about one-half mile from the Pacific Ocean, extending east to the base of Otay Mountain. SLSCO is also in charge of that project.Then in July 2019, construction on 15 miles of pedestrian replacement wall will start, with 11 miles in Calexico, three miles in Tecate, and one mile in Andrade. The Border Patrol spokesperson was unable to say exactly where construction would take place in these areas.10News reached out to SLSCO for comment on their upcoming wall projects and will update with their comments. 1606

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As drugmakers race to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus, several legal questions are emerging: could the government require people to get it? Could people who refuse to roll up their sleeves get banned from stores or lose their jobs?The short answer is yes, according to Dov Fox, a law professor and the director of the Center for Health Law Policy and Bioethics at the University of San Diego.“States can compel vaccinations in more or less intrusive ways,” he said in an interview. “They can limit access to schools or services or jobs if people don’t get vaccinated. They could force them to pay a fine or even lock them up in jail.”Fox noted authorities in the United States have never attempted to jail people for refusing to vaccinate, but other countries like France have adopted the aggressive tactic.The legal precedent dates back to 1905. In a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the court ruled Massachusetts had the authority to fine people who refused vaccinations for smallpox.That case formed the legal basis for vaccine requirements at schools, and has been upheld in subsequent decisions.“Courts have found that when medical necessity requires it, the public health outweighs the individual rights and liberties at stake,” Fox said.In 2019, New York City passed an ordinance that fined people who refused a measles vaccination.That said, recent protests over face coverings show there could be significant backlash to a vaccine mandate, Fox said. Just because states have the power to do it, doesn’t mean it’s the best public policy, he added.Although states would have the authority to mandate vaccinations, there’s more doubt about whether Congress could enact a federal requirement.The most likely federal vaccination requirement would come in the form of a tax penalty, but Fox said given the current composition of the Supreme Court, a federal vaccine requirement would likely be found unconstitutional.Opponents of a federal mandate would cite the Supreme Court’s 2012 decision on the Affordable Care Act, Fox said. In that case, the justices ruled that Congress could not use its powers to regulate interstate commerce to require people to buy health insurance, even though the ACA’s individual mandate was ultimately upheld on separate grounds.That means the U.S. could have a patchwork of different vaccine requirements in different states.States that explore a vaccine requirement should only do so if the vaccine is widely and readily available, Fox said.“Otherwise you create an underclass of people who are less safe and without access to the basic means of society,” he said.States would need to allow exemptions for people with legitimate medical risks, like pregnancy, but not exemptions on religious or philosophical grounds, he said.“Religious exemptions are not constitutionally required by the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause, provided that the vaccine mandates don’t single out religion; they’re not motivated by a desire to interfere with it,” he said.In the workplace, private employers would have a lot of flexibility to require vaccinations and fire workers who refuse them for anything but legitimate medical concerns.As long as employers show there are significant costs associated with having unvaccinated workers, they would not need to offer religious exemptions to employees, Fox said.Under the 1964 Civil Rights Act, employers are not required to accommodate religious employees if doing so would pose more than a “de minimis,” or minimal cost. 3561

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Crews battled a house fire in the Lake Murray area, Saturday night.The fire was reported just before 8:40 p.m. in the 8000 block of June Lake Drive, just off of Cowles Mountain Boulevard.Firefighters arrived on scene at approximately 8:42 p.m. to heavy smoke.Details on how the fire started or if anyone was injured were not immediately available. 375

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Crews were able to extinguish a fire in Clairemont Friday afternoon reportedly started by a crash. According to California Highway Patrol, the blaze started on Boyd Avenue near Genesee Avenue. San Diego Police say at 5:24, a suspect hit several vehicles on Balboa and Mount Alifan Drive before taking off. RELATED: Check today's San Diego County forecastThe suspect then lost a tire, creating sparks and starting the blaze. The suspect was later taken into custody. The fire sparked just as a Red Flag Warning in parts of San Diego County was allowed to expire. 590

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