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WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

WASHINGTON, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced Thursday a joint, large-scale, national study of tobacco users to monitor and assess the behavioral and health impacts of new government tobacco regulations.The initiative is the first large-scale NIH/FDA collaboration on tobacco regulatory research since the U.S. Congress granted FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products in an act in 2009. Scientists at NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse and the FDA's Center for Tobacco Products will coordinate the effort."The launch of this study signals a major milestone in addressing one of the most significant public health burdens of the 21st century," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "The results will strengthen FDA's ability to fulfill our mission to make tobacco-related death and disease part of America's past and will further guide us in targeting the most effective actions to decrease the huge toll of tobacco use on our nation's health."Investigators will follow more than 40,000 users of tobacco- product and those at risk for tobacco use ages 12 and older. They will examine what makes people susceptible to tobacco use; evaluate use patterns and resulting health problems; study patterns of tobacco cessation and relapse in the era of tobacco regulation; evaluate the effects of regulatory changes on risk perceptions and other tobacco-related attitudes; and assess differences in attitudes, behaviors and key health outcomes in racial-ethnic, gender, and age subgroups."We are pleased to collaborate with the FDA on this study that may provide us with a better understanding of the impact of product regulation on tobacco prevention and cessation," said NIH Director Francis Collins.While smoking rates have dropped significantly since their peak in the 1960s, nearly 70 million Americans ages 12 and older were current users of tobacco products in 2010. As a result, death and disease caused by tobacco use is still a tremendous public health burden. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Cigarette smoking results in more than 443,000 premature deaths in the United States each year -- more than alcohol, illegal drug use, homicide, suicide, car accidents, and AIDS combined.

ACCRA, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- A strange disease has hit inhabitants of the Amansie West District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, near Kumasi, 270 km north of the capital, claiming two lives, health officials said here on Monday.Director of Public Health Dr. Joseph Amankwa told Xinhua that the disease, which had been identified as Laffa viral hemorrhagic fever, and had symptoms similar to those of malaria, caused victims to bleed to death.Dr. Amankwa said he received information about the infection over the weekend but indicated that no other details were made available."We are sending a team to the affected area to verify what the actual situation is to determine our next action. We are also liaising with the World Health Organization to gather enough data on the infections and soon information will be sent out to the public," he said.According to reports carried by local Joy fm radio station, the disease was the first of its kind in the country.The reports quoted health officials as saying infection was passed on from infected rodents like mice and rats and was highly contagious."About two months ago, a young man of 19 years came to our health center here and complained of malaria, so we treated him for malaria but suddenly, blood started coming from the nose, mouth, anus and the ears, and immediately he died," Municipal Director of Health in the Amansie West District, Dominic Brobbey told the radio station.He warned that although the situation was under control, there were no drugs to treat the disease in Ghana, and therefore urged government to expedite action to acquire the necessary drugs to prevent further deaths.

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard(HP) on Thursday announced that it will keep its personal systems group ( PSG) and continue to sell personal computers."HP objectively evaluated the strategic, financial and operational impact of spinning off PSG. It's clear after our analysis that keeping PSG within HP is right for customers and partners, right for shareholders, and right for employees," Meg Whitman, HP president and chief executive officer, said in a statement.On Aug. 18, former CEO Leo Apotheker said HP was considering spin off the PC business, which drove shares of the company to plunge 20 percent the following day.HP then said its board of directors has authorized the exploration of strategic alternatives for the PSG, and it will consider a broad range of options that may include a full or partial separation of the PC business through a spin-off or other transaction.According to HP, the review so far revealed the depth of the integration of its PC division that has occurred across the company's key operations including supply chain and procurement.In addition, it indicated that the division has made significant contributions to HP's solutions portfolio and overall brand value."Finally, it also showed that the cost to recreate these in a standalone company outweighed any benefits of separation," HP said in a press release announcing the latest decision.HP is now the world's largest PC-maker with revenues of the PC division totaling 40.7 billion U.S. dollars for fiscal year 2010, according to figures from the company.A recent report from market research firm Gartner found that in the third quarter of 2011, HP's PC shipments grew 5.3 percent year- on-year, faster than the industry average of 3.2 percent, and its share in global PC market actually increased slightly to 17.7 percent.Though the PC division has a lower margin, the position and scale as the world's No. 1 PC-vendor gives HP advantage to negotiate with other suppliers and helps its other businesses, analysts said.The announcement to keep the PC unit is seen as the first major move of HP under new CEO Whitman, who took the job just over a month ago after replacing Apotheker on Sept. 22.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China has launched a one-year inter-agency national campaign aiming to return most street children home, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) said Monday.The MCA will lead the campaign, which is joined by the ministries of education, public security, financial, health, human resources and social security, and housing and urban-rural development, an MCA statement said."We will try our best to identify most street children in cities and send them home by the end of 2012," the statement said.Minister Li Liguo of Civil Affairs said, ministries concerned should strengthen communication and coordination, and speed up the revision of regulations on the relief of city beggars and vagrants.The MCA also urged provincial governments to set up special offices coordinating the campaign. Several provinces, such as Hebei and Yunnan, have been working on this, the statement said.Police will step up their efforts to identify and rescue street children who wander near railway stations, major tourist sites, business areas and subway stops, while civil affairs departments will assist investigation and provide shelter for homeless children, the statement said.Urban communities and neighborhoods are asked by the ministry to report homeless children to local police. Police and civil affairs departments will cooperate to ascertain the whereabouts of their parents or guardians.In home places of street children, education departments are urged to send them to schools or vocational schools, and those from needy families will have their tuition reduced or waived.Health departments are required to offer street children easy access to medical facilities in emergency cases. Hospitals listed in the campaign will treat sick street children free of charge.