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LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.
WELLINGTON, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Middle-aged women who wolf down their meals are much more likely to be overweight or obese than women who eat slower, New Zealand research has found.In what they claimed to be the first such nationwide study anywhere, Otago University researchers analyzed the relationship between self-reported speed of eating and body mass index (BMI) in more than 1,500 New Zealand women aged 40 to 50, an age group known to be at high risk of weight gain.The study by the university's department of human nutrition could lead to new and more successful methods of treating obesity, say the researchers.Study principal investigator Dr Caroline Horwath said that after adjusting for factors such as age, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity and menopause status, the researchers found that the faster women reported eating, the higher their BMI.Results from the two-year follow-up were expected to be published next year, and if analysis confirmed a causal relationship, the researchers would test interventions that focused on encouraging women to eat more slowly.

BEIJING, Sept. 20 (Xinhua) -- Floods and landslides triggered by recent heavy rains in eight of China's provincial-level regions have left 70 people dead and 32 others missing this month.Heavy downpours, floods and other related disasters have affected Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Chongqing, Hubei, Shandong, Shanxi and Gansu, the National Disaster Reduction Commission said in a statement released on Tuesday.As of Tuesday, these disasters have affected 21.56 million people and caused an estimated 26.09 billion yuan (4.08 billion U.S. dollars) in direct economic losses, the statement said.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Older people with low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers may be more likely to have lower brain volumes and have problems with their thinking skills, according to researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.The results of the study will be published Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Foods that come from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.The study involved 121 older residents of the south side of Chicago over the age of 65. They had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.An average of four-and-a-half years later, MRI scans of the participants' brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.Having high levels of four of five markers for vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume."Our findings definitely deserve further examination," said Christine Tangney, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center and lead author of the study. "It's too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes."On the cognitive tests, the scores ranged from -2.18 to 1.42, with an average of 0.23. For each increase of one micromole per liter of homocysteine -- one of the markers of B12 deficiency -- the cognitive scores decreased by 0.03 standardized units or points.Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. "Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment," said Tangney.
VANCOUVER, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- The fourth International Health Qigong Tournament and Exchange kicked off the competition portion of the Vancouver event Saturday to showcase the health benefits of this increasingly popular activity.At a gala opening ceremony in the War Memorial Gymnasium at the University of British Columbia, the biennial tournament was being held outside of China for the first time in an effort to promote the exercise that involves controlled breathing, body postures, movement and mental concentration.The Vancouver tournament has attracted 44 Health Qigong groups from 25 countries and regions, 327 participants in all. The event was last held in Shanghai in 2009.Xiao Min, the All-China Sports Federation vice president, said after three successful events in China, it was important to explore the possibilities of rotating the host venues around the world to boost the exposure of Health Qigong to a wider audience, effectively strengthening the interaction of the Eastern and Western cultures.Calling it "one of the best Chinese traditional sports," Xiao added, "we still have a long way to go in promoting Health Qigong. However, we will try our best to promote it so as to bring health benefits to more people in the world."Sending a message read by Vancouver-based federal politician Wai Young, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said such a tournament would allow people to "cultivate their interest in and learn more about the benefits of this ancient Chinese healing system.""I would like to commend the organizing committee for putting together a program that promotes cultural exchange and encourages others to embrace Qigong teachings and practices for health, fitness and personal growth. I'm certain that the enthusiasts will make the most of this exciting opportunity and will leave inspired to put what they have learned into practice," wrote Harper, who will be making his second official visit to China later this year.In his speech to the dignitaries and public gathered for the opening ceremony, Liang Shugen, the Chinese Consul General in Vancouver, said it didn't matter who won medals during the competition as everybody participating was a winner."However, it is all the more important that your group build up friendship among the different peoples from different countries, so therefore I wish you all do your best and hope that through this competition you bring the friendship of the Chinese people, of the people from different countries, back to your home country and it is such a course that will be building a harmonious world."With participants representing countries and regions from North America, Europe, Australia, South America, Asia and all over China, which has competitors from 10 provinces, as well as Macau and Hong Kong, the eight-day tournament is providing an extensive overview of what Health Qigong is about.In addition to the two-day competition taking place over the weekend, there is also a referee clinic, a Duan examination and training sessions in the different Health Qigong disciplines, Yi Jinjing, Wu Qinxi, Liu Zijue and Ba Duanjin, among them.Ken Low, who is considered Mr Wushu in Canada, has been instrumental in organizing the Vancouver event. As the president of the Canada International Health Qigong Association he said people need to know about what's involved in the exercise and how it's different from traditional martial arts."It is more than fitness, it's actually mental and physical. It builds inner strength and it builds your, strengthens your joints and muscles and tendons, particularly in your neck area, your shoulders, your spine and your inner organs and your breathing and your focus," he said."So it's not a martial arts, although it is connected somewhat to martial arts because the movements have no self-defence meanings. All the movements are designed to enhance your health."One person who turned to the exercise for health reasons is Diane Hynes. A member of the 12-strong team representing the USA Health Qigong Association, the 50-year-old New Jersey native offers classes in Health Qigong with a cliental of students ranging from five to 84 years.She explained Qigong "helps refine that movement of our eternal energy and makes more as you breathe and move. It has to do with your breath, your ability to relax, bringing your mind to your heart and really moving it out, the energy out to the limbs. That's why it helps with sleep and stress."Hynes, who looked healthy and fit, said she realizes that she is influencing others who want to know what the mother of nine-year-old is doing to look good."And I'm not taking drugs to look well or having surgery," she said, adding the practice is destined to get bigger among westerners as the Baby Boomer generation ages and puts greater emphasis on health. ( "Medication can help for awhile but that takes from you as well, that takes from your energy. This just helps to build energy and move it in your body. Because the thing is, in Chinese medicine, it's about movement, everything's a flow and moving in a circle so it's a give and take."It's a movement and if you are not moving in harmony and you're stuck and stagnant then you are going to be uneasy or diseased or unwell. You're not necessarily sick but you're stuck."
来源:资阳报