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WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- A new study has identified the recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella that has a high level resistance to ciprofloxacin, a common treatment for severe Salmonella infections. The study was published on-line Tuesday in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.Francois-Xavier Weill at the Pasteur Institute in France and colleagues studied information from national surveillance systems in France, England and Wales, Denmark, and the United States. The data showed that a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella, known as S. Kentucky, infected 489 patients in France, England and Wales, and Denmark between 2000 and 2008. In addition, researchers reported that the first infections were acquired mainly in Egypt between 2002 and 2005, while since 2006 the infections have also been acquired in various parts of Africa and the Middle East. The absence of reported international travel in approximately 10 percent of the patients suggests that infections may have also occurred in Europe through consumption of contaminated imported foods or through secondary contaminations.In this study, multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky was isolated from chickens and turkeys from Ethiopia, Morocco, and Nigeria, suggesting that poultry is an important agent for infection. The common use of fluoroquinolones in chicken and turkey production in Nigeria and Morocco may have contributed to this rapid spread, according to the researchers.This study highlights the importance of public health surveillance in a global food system. The investigators reported that they will continue to monitor this multidrug-resistant strain as well as help strengthen the capacities of national and regional laboratories in the surveillance of Salmonella and other major foodborne pathogens through the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network.Salmonella infection represents a major public health problem worldwide. An estimated 1.7 million such infections occur in North America each year. More than 1.6 million cases were reported between 1999 and 2008 in 27 European countries. Although most Salmonella infections produce only mild gastroenteritis, elderly and immunocompromised patients are especially at risk for life- threatening infections. These cases are typically treated with antimicrobials called fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin.

BONN, Germany, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The latest United Nations (UN) climate talks ended here on Friday with no surprise -- some " technical issues" saw some progress, as delegates usually said, while major disagreements remained.The two-week UN climate negotiations have made "clear advances" on such issues as extending carbon trading mechanisms, climate fund management and slowing deforestation, Christiana Figueres, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) executive secretary, said at a closing press conference.Figueres said delegates from 183 countries stepped forward with a technology mechanism to boost global green technology sharing. The mechanism will include a Climate Technology Center and Network to establish a worldwide clean technology stakeholder community.As for the implementation of a comprehensive package of the Cancun summit last year, this Bonn session has "paved the way" for progress at the next UN ministerial-level climate conference, which is to be held in Durban, South Africa from Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, Figueres said."Strong convergence has emerged on how the Adaptation Committee will be governed, what its composition will be and what its specific role will be," she said. "This progress means that the Committee could be fully operationalized at Durban."The UN climate chief stressed that governments, business circles and civil society cannot solve issues related to climate change "in one meeting," and climate talks are "the most important " negotiations the world has ever seen."The Bonn meeting is practical, focusing on concrete issues. In general, the negotiating process is moving forward step by step and on the right track," Su Wei, China's chief negotiator, told Xinhua on Friday."Despite setbacks and reversals, parties are taking climate change seriously and are willing to promote the negotiations under the Bali Roadmap," he said. "In the past two weeks, contact groups are busy making informal consultations on various topics.""Admittedly, in some key areas, there is a gap among parties," Su said.During the meeting, many delegates and observers have complained that the pace of negotiation was unbearably slow, especially against the backdrop of a new warning from the International Energy Agency, which said the global energy-related carbon emissions rose to a record high in 2010 despite decade-long efforts on curbs.Experts said one of the main hurdles in current talks was still the old topic -- the fate of the Kyoto Protocol, the sole legally- binding pact on industrial countries' emission cuts set to expire at the end of 2012.The protocol, which binds 37 rich countries, has been crippled since Cancun, as Japan, Canada and Russia have clearly stated they would not extend the pact's second commitment period after 2012.The United States, which never ratified the treaty, said it would not accept any legal deal unless other major economies have similar emission constraints.The European Union (EU), the last major bloc that is open to the renewing of the Kyoto Protocol, said its supportive attitude should not be taken for granted. The EU said it would not unilaterally step up efforts on combating climate change if other nations are not willing to do the same.Meanwhile, developing countries insisted that the updating of the Kyoto Protocol remains "the very core issue" of current talks, asking rich nations to shoulder their historical responsibilities and preserve the pact as a major legally-binding instrument to tackle climate change.The Group of 77 and China, representing over 130 developing nations, have said that the renewal of the Protocol should be the priority for Durban.On Friday, Figueres said that "resolving the future of the Kyoto Protocol is an essential task this year and will require high-level political guidance.""By Durban, governments need to come forward with options that will be acceptable to all parties," she said, adding that high- level contacts are necessary to break the ice.She told reporters that environment ministers are due to meet in Berlin from July 3 to 4, known as a continuation of last year's ministerial-level informal talks held in the town of Petersburg near Bonn. Moreover, world leaders are due to discuss climate change on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in September.Before the Durban summit, delegates have agreed to hold an additional round of climate talks in late September or early October, Figueres revealed.

CANBERRA, Aug. 29 (Xinhua) -- Alzheimer Australia on Monday released a GPS device for people with dementia, in a move to give them greater independence, while reducing the burden of missing person searches for police.The technology has been using in New South Wales of Australia, and is now available for people in state Victoria.The Safe2Walk locater can be worn by people with dementia on a lanyard around the neck or clipped onto a belt. Families can log- on to the connected website and see where the person is.The device updates the person's location every 60 seconds, reducing stress for carers so they know when a person with dementia might be wandering.It also works as a mobile phone, letting the person wearing the device to make instant calls to family.According to Alzheimer's Australia's research manager Jason Burton, the device aimed to stop vulnerable people getting lost, with research showing about 40 percent of people with dementia went missing at least once."In 99 percent of cases the carer has gone to pick them up, but there was one case where they couldn't and the police were able to contact us to get the exact GPS location of this person to rescue them," Burton told Herald Sun.A Victoria Police spokeswoman said while it could not endorse a specific product, if the device could alert carers when a person with dementia first became disorientated, the response could help avoid a large-scale police search.Mina Sapounakis, who's father has worn the Safe2Walk device, said it has given her family a sense of calm."We could go grocery shopping without stressing and rushing back home quickly to check on Dad," she said."There were a few times he had gone wandering and we were able to easily find him without having to call the police."The Safe2Walk GPS costs under 15 U.S. dollars a week for rent.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. has been awarded a long sought-after patent for touch screen functionality on portable devices, a set of exclusive rights expected to play into its current litigation against its counterparts in the mobile device market, U.S. media reported on Wednesday."A computer-implemented method, for use in conjunction with a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display, comprises displaying a portion of page content, including a frame displaying a portion of frame content and also including other content of the page, on the touch screen display," the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent abstract reads.Apple filed for the patent in December, 2007.Apple's patent essentially gives it ownership of the capacitive multitouch interface the company pioneered with its iPhone, on- line computer magazine PCMag quoted a source who has been involved in intellectual property litigation on similar matters as saying.The latest patent could produce a new round of lawsuits over the now-ubiquitous multitouch interfaces used in smartphones made by the likes of HTC, Samsung, Motorola, Research in Motion, Nokia, and others that run operating systems similar in nature to Apple's iOS, like Google's Android, said the patent expert.Apple has not immediately responded to request for comment on whether it will use the latest patent against competitors.Apple is currently involved in several patent-related battles with other companies. Nokia sued Apple in October 2009 for allegedly infringing patents the Finnish phone maker owns related to wireless handsets.Apple countersued Nokia in December 2009, accusing Nokia of infringing 13 Apple patents related to the iPhone. Nokia lodged a complaint later with the U.S. International Trade Commission, charging Apple of infringing seven Nokia patents "in virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players and computers."Last Monday, Nokia said Apple had agreed to pay the Finnish company a license fee to settle all patent litigation between the two. Industry watchers said Nokia is likely to get around 608 million U.S. dollars from Apple.This April, Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, alleging that the Korean consumer electronics company has violated Apple's intellectual property in the design of its mobile devices, such as iPhone and iPad.Samsung later sued Apple separately in Asia, Europe and the United States, accusing Apple of infringing Samsung's 10 patents related to mobile phones.

STOCKHOLM, July 7 (Xinhua) -- A patient has been given a new trachea made from a synthetic scaffold seeded with his own stem cells in a Stockholm's hospital, the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet said on Thursday.The operation was performed on June 9th at Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge and the patient, a 36-year old man, has been well on the way to recovery and would be discharged from the hospital on Friday, the university said in a statement.The patient had been suffering from late stage tracheal cancer with the tumor had reached approximately 6cm in length and was extending to the main bronchus.Since no suitable donor windpipe was available, the transplantation of the synthetic tissue engineered trachea was performed as the last possible option for the patient.The successful transplantation of tissue engineered synthetic organs, referred to as regenerative medicine, could open promising therapeutic possibilities for the thousands of patients who suffer from similar conditions.Transplantations of tissue engineered windpipes with synthetic scaffolds in combination with the patient's own stem cells as a standard procedure means that patients would not have to wait for a suitable donor organ.This would be a substantial benefit for patients since they could benefit from earlier surgery and have a greater chance of cure, according to the statement.