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BEIJING, Aug. 13 (Xinhua) -- The quality of the products China exported to the European Union (EU) improved during the first half of this year due to strict quality control measures, according to quality control authorities.The number of quality complaints made by the EU regarding Chinese imports declined by 45 percent in the first half of 2011, according to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ).The administration attributed the improved quality to its nationwide crackdown on counterfeited and substandard products.The administration launched a nationwide quality checkup in the first half of this year. Of the 4,815 batches of products that the quality control authorities checked between January and June, just 9.4 percent failed quality tests, 1.7 percentage points lower than that of the same period of last year, according to the administration.A total of 218,000 counterfeiting cases have been investigated so far this year, involving goods worth a total of 9.5 billion yuan (1.49 billion U.S. dollars), the administration said.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have proven that oncogenes can change normal cells into stem-like cells, paving the way to a safer and more practical approach to treating diseases like multiple sclerosis and cancer with stem cell therapy.In a collaborative study, researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), and the Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC) in California and Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center in New York have successfully converted human skin cells into brain cells by suppressing the expression of p53, a protein encoded by a widely studied oncogene. This suggests that p53 mutation helps determine cell fate -- good or bad -- rather than only the outcome of cancer.Oncogenes are generally thought to be genes that, when mutated, change healthy cells into cancerous tumor cells.Study findings were appearing Monday on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)."The reality may be more complicated than people think," said Jiang F. Zhong, Ph.D., assistant professor of pathology at the Keck School. "What is a stem cell gene? What is a cancer gene? It may be the same thing.""When you turn off p53, people think the cell becomes cancerous because we tend to focus on the bad thing," Zhong said. "Actually, the cell becomes more plastic and could do good things, too. Let's say the cell is like a person who loses his job (the restriction of p53). He could become a criminal or he could find another job and have a positive effect on society. What pushes him one way or the other, we don't know because the environment is very complicated."Stem cells can divide and differentiate into different types of cells in the body. In humans, embryonic stem cells differentiate into three families, or germ layers, of cells. The reasons why and how certain stem cells differentiate into particular layers are not clearly understood. However, from those layers, tissues and organs develop. The endoderm, for example, leads to formation of the stomach, colon and lungs, while the mesoderm forms blood, bone and heart tissue. In its study, Zhong's team examined human skin cells, which are related to brain and neural cells from the ectoderm.When p53 was suppressed, the skin cells developed into cells that looked exactly like human embryonic stem cells. But, unlike other man-made stem cells that are "pluripotent" and can become any other cells in the body, these cells differentiated only into cells from the same germ layer, ectoderm."IPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) can turn into anything, so they are hard to control," Zhong said. "Our cells are staying within the ectoderm lineage."Zhong said he expects that suppressing other oncogenes in other families of cells would have the same effect, which could have critical significance for stem cell therapy. Future research should focus on determining which genes to manipulate, Zhong said.The study is slated to appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences later this month, according to AAAS.

HOHHOT, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- A 5,000-year old rock carving in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region depicts a falling meteor, said archaeologists on Saturday.A rock on the side of Dahei Mountain in the city of Chifeng has images of people, domed houses and a fire ball with a long tail falling from the sky engraved on it, said Wu Jiacai, head of the Inner Mongolia rock paintings protection association."I believe it shows prehistoric people returning at dusk from a hunting trip to their domed houses, as a meteor falls from the sky," Wu shared his findings at the 6th Hongshan Cultural Forum that runs from August 25 to 27.He added that in the same location several years ago, another set of carvings were found showing people fleeing, snakes slithering and birds flying away, which might be what happened after the meteor hit the earth.The area has about 1000 carvings all believed to be made by the Neolithic Hongshan people, Wu said."The pictures can shed some light on the disappearance of the Hongshan culture, which was quite developed," Wu said.

CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.

KIEV, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ukraine's regional health authority declared Tuesday a cholera epidemic in the eastern region of Donetsk had ended.All 26 people who had been treated for the disease had been discharged from hospital, the press-service of the Donetsk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Service said on its official website.As of this week, no new cases had been registered, the statement said.The cholera outbreak hit eastern Ukraine in late May. The disease can cause rapid dehydration and death.The outbreak was believed to be associated with fish and drinking water supplies from the Sea of Azov.

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