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Americans have been sending garbage to landfills for almost 100 years.Since the first one opened in Fresno, California in 1937, today the U.S. hauls about 268 million tons of trash to thousands of active landfills each year.However, it's not without debate over whether these dumps are our best option.A lot of our nation's garbage starts in the home. According to the EPA, paper accounts for 25 percent, food is 15 percent of the waste and plastic amounts to 13 percent.The journey to the landfill involves a few pitstops. After garbage collectors pick up the trash, they take it to sorting facilities, where machines and people in full hazmat suits separate everything. This can be time-consuming, and dangerous.Recyclables are sent off to be reused, and trash is either incinerated to create clean, renewable energy or taken to the landfillLandfill operators follow strict guidelines to help make sure their facilities don't cause any harm. They lay a base layer, several feet deep, below any trash. It's made up of materials like clay, minerals, and charcoal, which help make sure nothing seeps into the ground or water. Trash is strategically layered on top and then buried to help seal it off.In some cases, the sealed pile is covered in cement or asphalt and developed in homes or businesses. But those sealed-off piles still give off greenhouse gas emissions and fumes that can harm the environment and peoples' health.Some companies use technology to reduce emissions by capturing them and turning them into renewable energies. Researchers say even with that technology landfills can still pose hazards.One way to reduce the mountains of trash in landfills is to recycle.Americans throw away .5 billion in recyclable materials each year, including paper, plastic, cardboard, and aluminum products. 1817

An Illinois school resource officer is being praised as a hero for intervening when a former student opened fire Wednesday morning at Dixon High School.US Vice President Mike Pence lauded the "heroic actions" of Dixon Police Officer Mark Dallas, who shot and wounded the gunman."Another example of the brave work performed by law enforcement each and every day. Lives were saved thanks to the heroic actions of school resource officer Mark Dallas," Pence said on Twitter.The 19-year-old former student opened fire near the school gym before the officer confronted him, Dixon Police Chief Steven Howell said in a news conference.The suspect fled the school and Dallas pursued him. The suspect continued to shoot at the officer and the officer returned fire, Howell said. The suspect sustained non-life threatening injuries and was taken to a hospital.The officer is on paid administrate leave. No one else was injured."With shots ringing out in the hallways of the school, he charged towards the suspect and confronted him, head-on. Because of his heroic actions, countless lives were saved," Howell said.Dixon High School and all Dixon public schools went into lockdown during the incident."A tragedy was averted today in Dixon because a police officer put his life on the line to protect his fellow citizens," said Shawn Roselieb, executive director of the Illinois Fraternal Order of Police Labor Council."The officer's actions at the high school will be closely scrutinized, but the simple fact is, nobody but the gunman was hurt today, and keeping students and teachers safe is the primary job for school resource officers." 1636

An officer who hit and killed Susan Lotempio, 64, in a car crash last Friday was not driving with emergency lights or sirens on, Buffalo Police revealed Thursday morning.An attorney representing the officer confirmed to Scripps station WKBW in Buffalo that the man is Officer Daniel Ahearn.Lotempio was taking her morning walk near Hertel Ave and Tennyson Ave when an officer hit her with his police car. She died at the scene.The manual for Buffalo Police officers differentiates calls for service into three categories: routine, rapid and emergency response, according to Buffalo Police Captain Jeff Rinaldo."Based on the nature of the call that the officer was responding to, it would fall either within the routine or rapid response," Captain Rinaldo explained. "But, based on our very preliminary investigation, the officer was following our policy and it was not a call for service that necessarily dictated the use of the emergency lights and sirens."The Buffalo News first reported details about the emergency lights and sirens, citing anonymous police sources who said the officer "was traveling at between 30 and 40 mph, providing backup for another police officer going to a complaint about "an irrational person" on Starin Avenue"."At this point, we do not believe that speed was a factor," Captain Rinaldo said. "But, again, we're waiting on the final accident reconstruction from the State Police."Tom Burton, the attorney representing Officer Daniel Ahearn, said the officer is cooperating with investigators. Officer Ahearn immediately submitted a blood sample following the crash and a check of his phone showed it wasn't being used at the time of the accident, according to Burton."Where this appears to be leading is that it is a tragic accident, but nothing that involves any criminal wrongdoing," Burton said.New York State Police are handling accident reconstruction during the investigation. The New York State Attorney General's Office is investigating the death, as it does with any civilian death in an officer-involved situation.“The Attorney General’s Special Investigations and Prosecutions Unit has opened an investigation into this morning’s incident, pursuant to the Attorney General’s authority under Executive Order No. 147. We’re committed to conducting an independent, comprehensive, and fair investigation.” 2397

ANN ARBOR, Mich. (AP) — Students at the University of Michigan are being ordered to stay in place for two weeks after a surge of coronavirus cases driven by social gatherings on and off-campus.Local health officials said Tuesday that the surge is overwhelming their ability to confront the pandemic. Officials say coronavirus cases related to the university represent 61% of the total in Washtenaw County, compared to just 2% in August.More than 1,000 students have been infected since the start of the fall term despite limits on gatherings and classes that are mostly held online. Undergraduate students can attend in-person classes and also leave their residences for exercise, work, food, medical appointments, voting, and religious services.In response to the order, university President Mark Schlissel says even more undergraduate classes will shift to remote instruction. Students who want to leave campus housing for the balance of the term could receive a refund or credit. 990

As health experts warn about rising coronavirus cases from spread at indoor gatherings, a new website backed by recent research is trying to help people understand just how many people in what size space is risky for infection. Which could come in handy as some people consider small holiday gatherings.It’s more risky to be in a small room compared to a large gym. If people are calm and quiet, it is safer than singing or exercising no matter how distant they are.Given these types of scenarios, and the “rapidly advancing science” of how COVID-19 droplets behave, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology created the COVID-19 Indoor Safety Guideline application.Here’s an example:An average suburban house that is 2,000 square feet, with 25 people inside wearing cotton masks and talking in a whisper, can reduce their risk of transmission by only staying inside for 4 hours.If those same 25 people, in the same house, are not wearing a mask and are talking normally, the length of time to reduce transmission drops to just 50 minutes.And if those 25 people, in the same house, are singing along to Christmas music, without masks on, that time to safely reduce COVID-19 transmission indoors drops even further to just 8 minutes.If the size of the gathering is only 5 people, and there is still singing, no mask wearing, and it’s still a 2,000 square foot house, it becomes unsafe after just 27 minutes.The MIT website offers users the ability to select room size, number of people and length of time, then using previous research and scientific knowledge of airborne viruses, it predicts the risk of the indoor event. Users can change elements of the situation, like room size, mask wearing, ventilation, etc.Click here to visit the Indoor Safety Guideline website.In a restaurant, to reduce transmission, 50 people without masks and talking normally should stay for only two hours. If the restaurant has 100 people, to reduce transmission risk, they should only remain inside for 64 minutes.The researchers note current general social distancing guidelines (remain 6 feet apart) suggest 138 people would reduce their risk in the same size of space for an indefinite amount of time.Another example, a Boeing 737, the researchers’ model predicts 100 people can be onboard a 737 wearing masks and still reduce their risk of transmission by staying onboard less than 6 hours.The CDC updated their guidance about COVID-19 this fall, acknowledging ongoing research that shows coronavirus droplets “can remain suspended for many minutes to hours (in the air) and travel far from the source on air currents.”The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also says coronavirus droplets can remain even when an infected person has left the room and can travel farther than six feet. 2800

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