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WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- Researchers have found a way to turn mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm and this finding opens up new avenues for infertility research and treatment, according to a study published Thursday in the online edition of journal Cell,A Kyoto University team coaxed mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), and shown that these cells can give rise to healthy sperm. The researchers say that such in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development represents one of the most fundamental challenges in biology.When transplanted into mice that were unable to produce sperm normally, the stem cell derived PGCs produced normal-looking sperm, which were then used to successfully fertilize eggs. These fertilized eggs, when transplanted into a recipient mother, produced healthy offspring that grew into fertile male and female adult mice. The same procedure could produce fertile offspring from induced pluripotent stem cells that are often derived from adult skin cells."Continued investigations aimed at in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development, including the induction of female primordial germ cell-like cells and their descendants, will be crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of germ cell biology in general, as well as for the advancement of reproductive technology and medicine," the researchers wrote.

MOSCOW, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Two Russian cosmonauts manually launched a mini satellite from the International Space Station ( ISS) during a six-hour spacewalk Wednesday, said the Mission Control center near Moscow.Sergei Volkov and Alexander Samokutyayev, who started the spacewalk with a 20-minute delay, found the 30-kg Kedr has lost one of its two antennas during its delivery to the ISS in January. After consulting with the Mission Control, they have decided to launch the device anyway, Interfax news agency reported.The Kedr satellite, which was made by Russian students, was created to transmit from the orbit greetings in 15 languages about the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's first space flight. It could also photograph the Earth and re-transmit information from the ISS equipment.During the spacewalk, the cosmonauts were expected to install new stream video equipment on the station's outer surface, and to take pictures holding photos of the founders of Russian space explorations, including Konstantin Tsiolkovski, Sergei Korolyov and Yuri Gagarin.

GENEVA, Aug. 12 (Xinhua) -- 18 people seeking treatment at hospitals in Somalia had been confirmed cholera positive through laboratory tests, the Geneva based World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday.The 18 positive cases were detected out of 30 stool samples collected from patients seeking treatment at hospitals for acute watery diarrhea, a symptom that could result from cholera, WHO spokesperson Tarek Jasarevic told reporters.All confirmed cases, including residents of Mogadishu district and those among internally displaced persons (IDPs), were said to be tested positive for the Vibrio cholera serotype "inaba", which had been the predominant serotype in Somalia for the past three years."These results are an alarming reminder of the critical situation in Mogadishu and other parts of Southern, Central Somalia, (which are) still experiencing drought, population displacement and conflict," Jasarevic said.WHO has reported a dramatic increase of acute watery diarrhea cases in Somalia.In June and July alone, 1,633 acute watery diarrhea cases had been registered in Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, representing 38 percent of all reported cases in 2011, and a sharp rise comparing with the same period last year.The United Nations public health arm said the situation was related to poor sanitation and limited access to safe water in numerous informal IDP settlements and a limited capacity of existing health partners to access those settlements and provide essential health services.In addition, the high number of malnourished children due to the ongoing famine increased the susceptibility to waterborne diseases.

SYDNEY, July 1 (Xinhua) -- Breastfeeding mothers should limit their use of codeine-containing painkillers to four days as they can cause harm, an Australian doctor warned on Friday.The warning is being discussed at a meeting of anesthetists in Sydney."New mothers should limit their use of codeine-containing painkillers to no more than four days and, if they feel drowsy while taking this medication, cease its use and have their baby examined by a doctor for signs of drowsiness," Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital anesthetist Dr. Gavin Pattullo said."This is because codeine needs to be metabolized by the liver into morphine to offer pain relief and this liver conversion process is very unpredictable," Pattullo said."Some patients' livers produce large amounts of morphine after taking codeine, causing drowsiness, while others fail to produce any morphine at all."Pattullo said for breastfeeding mothers, a large dose of morphine could make its way into the baby and result in the baby's death by overdose."While new mums shouldn't be unnecessarily alarmed, they need to be aware that codeine-containing painkillers in certain circumstances can cause harm," he said.Breastfeeding mothers are being advised to see a doctor if their baby gets sleepy while taking the painkillers.

来源：资阳报