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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The Gaslamp Quarter Association has plans to turn a section of Fifth Avenue into a pedestrian friendly promenade. The section affected would be from Broadway down to L Street, where the Convention Center is located. The change could help during big events like the week of Comic-Con and holidays like Halloween. “It’s kinda mayhem,” says Michael Carbone, director of the Chuck Jones Gallery. “As far as trying to get from one block to the other, it could take you 15 minutes.” Carbone says while he loves the crowds during Comic Con, the rent is so high downtown, his gallery is moving to Little Italy.Some suggestions under consideration, according to the GQA: putting in street furniture, plants, local art sculptures or murals and entertainment venues. “Well, the safety factor is you can just stroll, you don't need to look out for cars, and we don't allow bicycles either,” said Sue Meek, a tourist from Scotland who says similar areas function well back home. The Gaslamp Promenade project could allow certain hours for vehicle traffic, such as 3 a.m. - 11 a.m. The projected cost is currently million. The association says they have a plan to use grant money and fundraise to make the project happen. “I think this is something that will take us to the next step and for many years in the future to help drive tourism, drive economic impact to businesses and the city. I think this is a future vision that everyone can be excited about,” said Michael Trimble of the Gaslamp Quarter Association. You can take a look at what the Promenade could look like and ask questions online. 1617

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The California Department of Public Health is warning the public after a recall was issued for nearly 50,000 pounds of sausage products due to contamination.According to the department, the products may contain pieces of white, hard plastic. Eddy Packaging Co. Inc. recalled the smoked sausage products due to the contamination.The products were sold at Walmart stores in San Diego, Chula Vista, National City, Oceanside, Poway, Santee and La Mesa.The products being recalled have the establishment number "EST. 4800" inside the USDA mark of inspection. The products were also shipped to food service and retail locations in Georgia, Illinois, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. So far, there have been no reports of illness due to the products. Check below for a list of products or click here for a full list of locations where the products were sold: 888

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The dockless bike industry continues to thrive in San Diego despite concerns from locals.The latest hazard being reported is brake cables being cut. Reddit user Kyle Clark spotted it in Ocean Beach on a Lime Bike. Another Reddit user reported the same problem in a different thread.Dockless bike company Ofo says they aren't aware of this happening to their bikes in San Diego but say they've seen the problem in Seattle. 449

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Cabrillo National Monument will extend its opening hours until sunset on Fridays through Sundays in August.The national monument is currently in a phased re-opening. All outdoor areas, trails, and restrooms are open, but indoor areas like exhibits and the lighthouse are closed due to coronavirus restrictions.Normal operating hours for the area are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., with the tidepools closing at 4:30 p.m. The extended hours will give visitors a chance to take in views of the Pacific Ocean and San Diego during sunset. The monument's tidepool area will also be open until 30 minutes before sunset.Visitors can also get Junior Ranger books and badges, maps, and visitor information at an outdoor station near the visitor center.Officials encourage guests to continue wearing face coverings and physical distance from anyone no apart of their household while visiting.Annual park passes can still be purchased online here. Individual vehicle passes are per car. 997

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