聊城潍坊什么地方能治风湿性关节炎(滨州国内风湿医院权威的排名) (今日更新中)

Last year's seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness was just 42%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated. Even if vaccinated, then, people had inadequate protection against the flu.This limited effectiveness was due to a mutation that occurred in the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain, according to a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This vaccine mutation resulted from an egg-based manufacturing process commonly used today.This year's flu vaccine may also be imperfect, said Scott Hensley, author of the new study and an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Add to that, he said, "this could end up being a pretty bad flu season."Still, he said, "our best protection" against severe illness is getting vaccinated with the flu shot we have today.Finding answersEach year before flu season begins, a vaccine is made based on whichever virus strains are expected to circulate. The selected seed strains are distributed to vaccine manufacturers which then produce their formulations and make them available to health care professionals before the season begins.During the 2015-16 season, vaccine effectiveness was 47%, while for the previous 2014-15 season, effectiveness was just 19%, according to the CDC. While the overall effectiveness of last season's vaccine was 42%, it was only 34% effective against the H3N2 viruses that dominated the season.Vaccine effectiveness varies based on how well it matches the circulating virus strains. Sometimes, a vaccine corresponds to the predominant virus yet its effectiveness is still not what scientists would expect. Trying to understand which element of the vaccine failed is difficult.Hensley and his team began their investigation of last year's vaccine by looking at the seed strains that had been distributed to vaccine manufacturers. These seed strains had been propagated in chicken eggs, the common method used today."The sequences of these viruses are available and when we did an alignment to see what the sequence of these vaccines were compared to the viruses that were circulating, it became very obvious that there was this mutation," said Hensley.To see the effects of the mutation, the team next looked at how the immune systems of both animals and humans who'd been inoculated with an egg-based flu vaccine responded to the actual circulating viruses.The antibodies -- immune system proteins that fight invading pathogens -- elicited in both animals and humans failed to bind to and neutralize the flu viruses, Hensley and his colleagues found.While most vaccines in the United States are made in chicken eggs, a small fraction are produced in insects or mammalian cells, Hensley explained. (These are given to people with egg allergies.) He and his team compared immune responses in animals and humans who had received a cell-based vaccine -- in this case, Flublok made by Protein Sciences Corporation."And we found both animals and humans receiving that (cell-based) vaccine had superior antibody responses that could bind and neutralize these circulating H3N2 strains," said Hensley.Making a better vaccine"Most of the infrastructure to produce vaccines in the US is based on chicken eggs," said Hensley. There are good reasons for this, including the fact that egg-based propagation allows manufacturers to quickly produce large quantities of vaccine.While egg adaptations have always been a problem, beginning last year it had become a "huge problem," said Hensley. "As soon as you try to grow this virus in eggs, within a few hours, the virus will acquire this kind of mutation."This is not an easy problem to fix, he said. To produce vaccines in cells means "a very expensive process for companies to just change their overall manufacturing process," Hensley explained. "You can't really do that on the drop of a dime."Meanwhile, the same seed strains used last year are being used this year to make the current vaccine, said Hensley."This year may be especially difficult because, in addition to this egg adaptive mutation which was present last year, there's indication that the H3N2 viruses are actually evolving," said Hensley.Not only will the vaccine be a mismatch with the actual circulating viruses due to egg adaptation but the vaccine could also be a mismatch due to unexpected viral evolution.What kind of flu season is ahead?It's too early to speculate which viruses will become dominant in the United States over the course of the coming flu season, said Hensley, "but it's starting to look like it will be H3 viruses." H3 viruses are influenza A viruses."There are the A group of viruses and the B groups," said Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. "The A groups are the ones that usually are responsible for large epidemics ... whereas the B flu strains usually smolder along. They always cause illness -- it can be just as severe as the A strains -- but they don't produce large outbreaks."Though last year's vaccine was mostly ineffective in thwarting the flu, it still prevented nearly 30% of hospitalizations that might have resulted, according to CDC calculations. For older adults, that rate was even higher, at 37%. Plus, the vaccine reduced outpatient visits by 42% last season.The CDC advises everyone 6 months and older to get a flu shot, as only injectable flu vaccines are recommended. More than 130 million doses of flu vaccine have been distributed so far this year and flu activity is still low across the nation.It's still early days, but experts believe we may be facing a tough season, and not only because of vaccine concerns.The reason?Australia had a tough flu season this year, with a total of 215,280 laboratory-confirmed cases and 504 flu-associated deaths reported to its National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System as of October 13, government data show. According to a surveillance system report, adults over the age of 80 and children between 5 and 9 years old have been most affected."In general, we get in our season what the Southern Hemisphere got in the season immediately preceding us," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the United States' National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said in an interview last month.An "intelligent guess," therefore, is that the Northern Hemisphere, like the Southern Hemisphere, will likely battle more cases of the viral infection, he said, though "with influenza, it is never 100%.""If H3N2 viruses dominate the US flu season again this year, vaccine effectiveness will likely be moderate to low again," said Hensley.Still, he said, everyone should get their annual flu shot."The other components of the vaccine, like H1N1 and influenza B, will likely provide excellent protection," said Hensley. "The vaccine will also likely prevent severe disease and death caused by H3N2 viruses, even though this component of the vaccine is mismatched."  6969

LAFAYETTE, Ind. — A police officer recruit in Indiana has been fired after his department received "credible" information the officer participated in a neo-Nazi internet chat forum in 2016.According to a report from Lafayette police, the department was tagged late Friday on its official Twitter page with information specifically identifying the officer.In a statement, Chief Patrick Flannelly said the department's internal affairs division began an immediate investigation and determined that the officer did participate in the online forum and that the information provided to the police department was accurate and credible.We have chosen not to identify the officer at this time, since he has not been charged with a crime.The chief said the officer's comments "were not in harmony with the spirit of cooperation and inclusion in the community that the Lafayette Police Department values."The officer was hired by the department in June 2020 and has been working solely in a training environment and has had no exposure to the public, the chief said."The Lafayette Police Department conducts very thorough and complete background investigations on all potential employees, which includes a complete review of personal social media accounts," Flannelly said. "While this information may not have been accessible through our investigative processes, we are appreciative that it was brought to our attention. We take great pride in our investigations and are extremely disappointed that we were not able to uncover this information in that process. We endeavor to learn from this investigation to ensure it never happens again."This story was originally published by Bob Blake at WRTV. 1696

LANTANA, Fla. – Three months before accused Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz killed 17 people at his former high school, he lived in a Lantana, Florida trailer park with his dead mother’s best friend and his 17-year-old brother. During Cruz’s brief stay in Palm Beach County, deputies were called to the trailer three times in one month for a fight, a welfare check and report of a weapon. The information may provide more insight into the mind of the 19-year-old man charged with 17 counts of murder after he allegedly took his AR-15 to Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School on Valentine’s Day.A missing photographAfter misplacing a photo of his dead mother, 19-year-old Nikolas Cruz punched a hole in the wall of a Lantana trailer he lived in and started to ‘break things’.  800

Like colleges and universities across the country, Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts was forced to experiment with a complex new plan this year that allowed more than 5,000 students to come back to campus. At the same time, the university had to institute rigorous new guidelines to keep COVID-19 from spreading.The key to success has been testing. Every student is required to get tested at least twice a week."The testing frequency matters,” said Tuft's University President Anthony Monaco.“If you wait a week or 10 days to test someone, they could be fully symptomatic and spread it to an apartment or dorm cluster."University officials say testing has prevented any major outbreaks. So far, the university has conducted 76,000 tests, and 36 students have tested positive since Aug. 3. Most notable though is the university's positivity rate is at .05 percent."It was not just about protecting their own individual health, it was also about protecting the vulnerable residents who live in and around the university," Monaco said.To keep any student who may test positive from spreading the virus, the university has constructed an extra 200-modular units of dorm space. The idea of the modular facilities is to give campus health officials a contained area to monitor students who test positive for the virus, while at the same time, keeping them out of the general population.But not every college is testing as frequently as Tufts. A recent survey conducted by the College Crisis Initiative at Davidson College looked at 1,400 schools nationwide. A majority of which had no testing plan in place, which health experts say has led to many of the outbreaks major colleges and universities have seen throughout the fall.There's also another lesson Tufts and other universities have learned about managing their student populations."Don’t ignore your off-campus students,” Monaco added. “Many just focused on on-campus and didn’t get them involved in testing or protocols." 1991

LA MESA, Calif. (CNS) - Three people armed with handguns shot at a business and a vehicle in La Mesa, but no one was struck by the gunfire, police said Wednesday.The shooting happened shortly after 8 p.m. Tuesday on El Cajon Boulevard just west of Parks Avenue, La Mesa police Lt. Brian Stoney said.The target of the shooting was an occupied business in a strip mall, Stoney said. The business' front window was shattered by the gunfire. The lieutenant did not disclose the name of the business."This appears to be an isolated incident," Stoney said Tuesday. "And although the suspects should be considered armed and dangerous, we do not believe there is any further threat in this immediate area right now."At least four men were inside the business when officer arrived, but were uninjured, the lieutenant said, adding that the men were detained for questioning.Officers spotted a vehicle driving away from the business with several bullet holes in its windshield, he said. Officers stopped the vehicle and also detained its two occupants, both men, for questioning.Witnesses told police they saw three people armed with handguns open fire on the business and the vehicle before fleeing in a vehicle, described only as a dark SUV, Stoney said. The suspect vehicle was last seen heading westbound on El Cajon Boulevard.No description of the suspects was immediately available and a motive for the shooting remains unclear.Anyone with information about the shooting is asked to call La Mesa police at 619-667-1400. 1522

来源：资阳报